tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78131094280299721352024-03-04T22:40:32.599-08:00Potomac Valley Officials AssociationBasketball BlogPVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.comBlogger28125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-50033829653664016842018-07-31T14:05:00.000-07:002018-08-01T05:50:44.841-07:002018-19 NFHS Rule ChangesTaken from the NFHS website (http://www.nfhs.org/sports-resource-content/basketball-rules-changes-2018-19/)<br />
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2018-19 NFHS Rule Changes</span></h2>
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<b>1-12-1c: </b>It shall have a deeply-pebbled, granulated surface, with horizontally shaped panels bonded tightly to the rubber carcass.<br />
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<b>Rationale: </b>The additional words give manufacturers a better sense of what a deeply-pebbled cover should look like.<br />
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<b>9-9-1: </b>A player shall not be the first to touch the ball after it has been in team control in the frontcourt, if he/she or a teammate last touched or was touched by the ball in the frontcourt before it went to the backcourt. <b>EXCEPTION:</b> Any player located in the backcourt may recover a ball deflected from the frontcourt by the defense.<br />
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<b>Rationale: </b>To ensure that a team is not unfairly disadvantaged on a deflected pass.</div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-82286754717820667592017-10-18T20:26:00.000-07:002017-10-20T20:27:47.652-07:00Game Management - Get the First Illegal Act<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Watch the clip above. In the span of 13 seconds, we have 2 screens and a shooting foul on a drive to the basket.<br />
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Let's break down the play:<br />
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<ul>
<li>Is the first screen by Red #21 legal? It's pretty close and calling it would be putting junk into the game. </li>
<li>Is the second screen by Red #231 legal? Definitely not. Red #231 moved into a defender and did not give the defender time and space to avoid contact.</li>
<li>Is the foul by White #44 accurate and right? It's close and an argument can be made either way on the contact.</li>
</ul>
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The point of this video is to bring out two points:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li><b>Officials must work to get the first illegal act instead of penalizing the subsequent action.</b> In this play, a team control foul for an illegal screen should have been called on Red #231. White should have the ball to inbound on the sideline. Instead, a shooting foul is called on White #44 which puts Red #10 on the line for possible 2 points.</li>
<li><b>Do not make the game harder for yourself.</b> If the trail official in this case was <i style="font-weight: bold;">refereeing the defense</i>, then that illegal screen would've been really easy to call. Instead, the crew exchanged an easy call for a much tougher call to make.</li>
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Much easier said than done, and that's why officials must referee the defense and avoid getting tunnel-vision.</div>
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This is a case study in game management: understand that as officials, <b>we should always work to get the first illegal act and not punish the second act</b>. Coaches tend to get upset when an official's missed call results in a possible scoring opportunity for the other team. </div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-18781739541481405292017-10-17T07:43:00.000-07:002017-10-20T20:07:11.152-07:00Timeouts, Halftime, and Overtime<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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This post will talk about the topics of timeouts, halftime, and overtime.<br />
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<b>For timeouts:</b><br />
<ul>
<li>Types of timeouts</li>
<li>Who can call a timeout</li>
<li>Timeout reporting</li>
<li>Timeout administration</li>
<li>Resuming play</li>
</ul>
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<b>For halftime:</b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Duties during halftime</li>
<li>Resuming play</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<b>For overtime:</b></div>
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<ul>
<li>Overtime period length</li>
<li>Rules about OT periods</li>
</ul>
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<b>Note:</b> The information listed here is according to the NFHS rulebook and may not be applicable to all leagues. Additionally, the information listed here is not exhaustive as it will dive into particulars as it relates to stoppages of play, but this is a high-level primer on these topics.</div>
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<b>Click on the tabs below to find out more about each topic.</b><br />
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<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Timeout')">Timeouts and Timeout Administration</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Halftime')">Halftime/In Between Periods</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Overtime')">Overtime</button>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="Timeout">
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There are three types of timeouts: full timeouts, 30-second timeouts, and official timeouts. Official timeouts are called by the referees to resolve an issue such as injury, untied shoelaces, discrepancy on the scoreboard, discrepancy in the scorebook, etc.<br />
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Full timeouts are 60 seconds in length. 30-second timeouts are 30 seconds in length. Official timeouts are indeterminate in length in order to resolve the situation that warranted the official timeout.<br />
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<b><u>Number Allowed</u></b><br />
Each team team is granted 5 timeouts for the game with the following breakdown:<br />
<ul>
<li>3 full timeouts</li>
<li>2 30-second timeouts</li>
</ul>
<div>
<b>Note:</b> Each individual league may elect to supersede the number and duration of timeouts. Please visit the <a href="http://pvoabb.blogspot.com/p/house-rules.html">rules</a> for each individual league to find out what the specified number of timeouts are.</div>
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<b><u>When Can a Timeout Be Granted</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li>The <b><i>offensive team</i></b> can call and be granted a timeout as long as there is <b><i>player control</i></b> of the ball.</li>
<li>Any team can call and be granted a timeout when the ball is <i style="font-weight: bold;">dead</i>.</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">No</i> team may be granted a timeout if there is a <i style="font-weight: bold;">held ball </i>(there is no possession).</li>
</ul>
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<div>
Do not grant a timeout unless (1) you know which team is asking for it and (2) if that team is <i style="font-weight: bold;">allowed</i> to be granted the timeout.<br />
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When calling an official's timeout, use judgement. For example, if the timeout is for untied shoelaces, it's not the best opportunity to stop play if the offensive team have an immediate opportunity to score. In this play, after the try is successful or after the defense secures control of the ball, then a official's timeout can be granted to resolve the safety issue of untied shoelaces.<br />
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<b>Note:</b> If the official's timeout is for injury, play may be stopped depending on the severity of the injury even if the offensive team has an immediate opportunity to score. Error on the side of caution and safety.</div>
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<b><u>Timeout Administration</u></b></div>
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The official that grants the timeout must find out if the coach wants a <i><span style="font-weight: bold;">full</span> </i>timeout or <b><i>30-second</i></b> timeout and report this information to the scorer's table. The official who is not administering the timeout should get the ball and go to the inbounding spot.<br />
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<b>Note:</b> The official/ball should be at the inbounding spot to tell coaches/teams where the ball will be put back into play. This allows the coach to draw up a play based on the spot.</div>
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When asking for a timeout, coaches will often just say "<i>Timeout!</i>" so the official granting the timeout should ask the coach "<i>Coach, 30 or full?</i>" After determining what type of timeout is requested, the administering official needs to report this to the table so the scorebook keeper can track the number of timeouts taken and remaining per team.</div>
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To report the timeout, the administering official should about 10-15 feet away from the scorer's table to report the timeout. There are three things that needs to be reported:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>Color of the team who the timeout is granted for</li>
<li>Who called the timeout (Coach or player)</li>
<li>What type of timeout it is</li>
</ol>
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<div>
<b>Examples:</b><br />
"<i>Blue Coach, 30-second timeout</i>"<br />
"<i>Red #2, full timeout</i>"<br />
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Reporting signals for timeouts:<br />
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<b><u>Warning Horn/Whistle</u></b></div>
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A warning horn or whistle shall be sounded with <u style="font-weight: bold;">15 seconds</u> prior to the expiration of the timeout to get the teams back onto the court. When the timeout expires, ideally the ball should be put into play.</div>
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<i><b>Do not let teams dictate the length of the timeout. Practice game management in getting the players back on the court and play started</b>.</i><br />
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The administering official is responsible for keeping track of how much time has eclipsed. Once the warning whistle sounds, both officials have equal responsibility in getting the teams back on the court and ready for play.</div>
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<b><u>Putting the Ball In Play</u></b><br />
Following the timeout, the official inbounding the ball should <b><i>sweep the floor</i></b> and verify that each team has 5 players on the court. The inbounding official should also check to verify that the other official is in the right spot and that play is going in the right direction.<br />
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After sweeping the floor, the inbounding official has the responsibility of putting the ball in play.<br />
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<b><u>Full Sequence</u></b><br />
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<ul>
<li>A1 (Red team) has the ball and is trapped in the corner. Coach A calls "<i>Timeout!</i>"</li>
<li>Official #1 acknowledges the timeout, verifies that A1 has player control of the ball.</li>
<li>Official #1 blows his whistle, puts his land up with an open hand, and says "<i>Timeout, Red!"</i></li>
<li>Official #1 asks Coach A "<i>Coach, full or 30?</i>" to which Coach A replies "<i>30 seconds.</i>"</li>
<li>Official #1 goes to the scorer's table to report the timeout: "<i>Red, Coach, 30 second timeout.</i>"</li>
<li>Official #2 gets the ball and goes to the inbounding spot.</li>
<li>Official #1 waits till there is 15 seconds remaining in the timeout and blows the warning whistle to get teams ready to play.</li>
<li>Official #1 waits until the timeout is over and blows the ready to play whistle. All of the players should be back on the court and ready to play at this time.</li>
<li>Official #2 inbounds the ball and follows the inbounding procedures.</li>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="Halftime">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiPlVtG6H9L91WTF0ldGYDyEJGL3HktMoPfWAzc2BSfAocwGduEUZ7LBx_L4hYIGM-PJi4VVhKpXwauAa6A6Vi-s3c46Cl2tkeiRftbNSVJKOerGPvFngheTobM76VHPwopX7A2U2BGxo/s1600/crew+talking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="940" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiPlVtG6H9L91WTF0ldGYDyEJGL3HktMoPfWAzc2BSfAocwGduEUZ7LBx_L4hYIGM-PJi4VVhKpXwauAa6A6Vi-s3c46Cl2tkeiRftbNSVJKOerGPvFngheTobM76VHPwopX7A2U2BGxo/s320/crew+talking.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><u>Halftime/End of Period</u></b><br />
After the conclusion of a period, teams have 60 seconds (essentially a full timeout) to rest and for the coaches to communicate with their players. As with a timeout, the officials should blow the ready to play whistle with 15 seconds remaining and by the end of the 60 seconds, the teams should be ready to play.<br />
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Halftime length is determined based on each individual league and the level of play. Typically in house leagues, it's set for 3 minutes.<br />
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Officials can use the time after the end of a period and during halftime to catch their breath, but it's an opportunity for officials to practice <i style="font-weight: bold;">game management </i>and be <i style="font-weight: bold;">competent communicators</i>.<br />
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<b><u>Communicating With Each Other</u></b><br />
<ul>
<li>Reflect on how the game is going. Were there any calls that were 50/50 (marginal)? Are there any players that are problem players? Was there anything to note that the officials need to be on the same page on?</li>
<li>Think of how this next quarter/half will go. Is it a close game so will players be more physical? Is it a blow out game so do we need to practice game management?</li>
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<b><u>Game Management</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li>Check the score book and determine how many timeouts each team has.</li>
<li>Check the score book and determine if there are any players in foul trouble. This is important because if a player has 4 fouls, then we shouldn't foul out the player on a ticky-tack foul.</li>
</ul>
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<b><u>Example:</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li>Crew communication: "<i>Hey, this is a chippy game and defenders are starting to get a little too physical on the ball handler. Let's keep an eye out for that in the second half. #3 on blue likes to camp in the lane and I've been warning him to get out so we need to keep an eye out on that. This is a close game so teams will be playing more physical defense and we may get into a situation where the losing team will try to foul. We need to be aware of that.</i>"</li>
<li>Game management: "<i>Okay, #3 blue has 3 fouls on him and #4 red has 4 fouls on him. Let's make sure they earn those next fouls. If it's a foul and there's disadvantage, let's call it, but let's not call marginal contact that has no effect on the play.</i>"</li>
<li>Game management: "<i>Hey Coach, you have 2 timeouts remaining for the game."</i></li>
</ul>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="Overtime">
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Overtime is a special topic. According to NFHS rules, each overtime period is 4 minutes (Rule 4-17) and an unlimited number of overtime periods will be played until a winner is determined. However, many leagues decide to supersede the NFHS rules in an effort to finish games on time. To find out what the overtime rules for each specific league, please visit the rules for each individual league.
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Overtime length aside, the following principles/rules apply to overtime:<br />
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<ul>
<li>Overtime periods will start with a jump ball</li>
<li>Teams will go in the same direction they were going in the second half (towards their bench)</li>
<li>Unused timeouts carry over into the overtime period</li>
<li>Each team will be granted <b><i>one additional full timeout</i></b></li>
<li>Personal fouls carry over into the overtime period</li>
<li>Team foul count from the <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">second half</span> carry over into the overtime period</li>
</ul>
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</script>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-38555995502420720732017-10-16T08:10:00.000-07:002017-10-20T20:16:36.563-07:00Game Management - Understanding the Ramifications of Your Whistle (3 seconds)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Watch the clip above. #4 for North Carolina starts out in the lane at :01 of the video and continues to be in the lane at :06 when the ball is released for a successful 3-point try.</div>
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He's in the lane for a total of 5 seconds. <b>But wait, isn't it a 3-second violation if an offensive player remains in the lane for more than 3 seconds? </b>Did the officials miss this one?</div>
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As basketball officials, <i style="font-weight: bold;">we need to understand the ramifications of our whistles.</i> Every time we decide to put air into the whistle, we are affecting the game. Therefore, we should careful pick when we insert ourselves into the game.</div>
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In this clip, Duke had just scored a successful 3-point try to pull within 1 point of North Carolina with a little under 9 minutes to play in the 1st half. </div>
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While #4 did satisfy the conditions for a 3-second violation, ask yourself these questions:</div>
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<ul>
<li>If there is a good flow to the game (it is a fast-paced competitive game), is this the right opportunity to disrupt the flow with a 3-second call?</li>
<li>Was #4 every involved in the play?</li>
<li>Did #4 gain an advantage from being in the lane for a prolonged amount of time?</li>
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#4 was never involved in the play so never gained an advantage from being in the lane. Making this call is not only a turnover at this point, but also taking potential points away from North Carolina. The correct call in this situation would be a <i style="font-weight: bold;">no-call</i>. </div>
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However, had the ball been passed to #4, then an advantage has been gained by #4 being in the lane for a prolonged amount of time. Therefore, that would justify a 3-second call.<br />
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<b>Just because a call is <i>accurate</i>, does not mean the call is <i>right</i>.</b></div>
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In this type of situation, if the coach asks: "<i>Hey, can you keep an eye out in the lane for 3-seconds?</i>" The response should be: "<i>Coach, I saw him in there, but he was not involved in the play.</i>"<br />
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This is a case study in game management: understand that <b>there are ramifications for every whistle</b>. Coaches tend to get upset when officials (1) make a marginal call that gives the opposing team an opportunity to score points or (2) officials make a marginal call that takes points away from their team.</div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-31437466450080766902017-10-15T14:36:00.000-07:002018-08-24T20:48:38.725-07:00Introduction to Positioning (2-Official System)An official's job is to enforce the rules and to get the play right. Not only will being in the right position increase your call accuracy, but knowing where to be and where to go helps your credibility as an official and improves crew cohesion.<br />
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In the 2-official system, each official has their own set of responsibilities depending on where they are on the court and what is happening during the game. You will commonly hear the officials referred to as:<br />
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<li><i><b>Lead Official</b></i></li>
<li><i><b>Trail Official</b></i></li>
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The lead official <i style="font-weight: bold;">leads</i> the play; leading the players towards the basket in which the team on offense is trying to score. The trail official <i style="font-weight: bold;">trails</i> the play; following the players up the court.<br />
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Lead and trail officials are always <i style="font-weight: bold;">diametrically opposed</i>, which is diagonally opposite of each other. Imagine drawing a rectangular box with the officials are on opposite corners. The goal here is to <i style="font-weight: bold;">box the players</i> in so that the officials have the best angle to see everything going on in front of them.<br />
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The pictures above represents the initial starting positions of the lead and trail official in the half court set.<br />
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<h3>
Initial Positioning</h3>
<div>
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<b>The Lead Official:</b><br />
<ul>
<li>Is between the outer lane line and the three-point line</li>
<li>A depth of 3-6 feet (if able)</li>
<li>Has primary responsibility for the yellow shaded area in the above picture</li>
</ul>
<div>
<b>The Trail Official:</b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Is at or above the top of the key</li>
<li>Works the "arc"</li>
<li>Closes down on the shot (take a step towards the basket and pickup rebounding action)</li>
<li>Has primary responsibility for the red shaded area in the above picture</li>
</ul>
<h3>
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<h3>
Boxing the Play</h3>
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From the default positions, the officials should be in a good position to see <i style="font-weight: bold;">most</i> of the action. However, depending on the movement of the players and especially the ball handler and primary defender, the officials should be constantly adjusting the box. Officials should move to avoid getting stacked (straight-lined), to get a better view of the play, and be in a position to rule on a possible out-of-bounds play.<br />
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Maintaining the "box" is important. Officials should be constantly adjusting this box in order to be in position to see as many players as possible.<br />
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<h3>
Areas of Movement</h3>
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The lead official has an area of movement from the outside line of the lane all the way over to the near sideline. The trail official "works the arc" and should stay between the center of the court and the near sideline.</div>
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<h3>
Transitioning</h3>
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The image above represents the half-court set and the movement of the officials. What happens on the transition when the ball moves to the other side of the court? Simple, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">old lead</i> becomes the <i style="font-weight: bold;">new trail</i> and picks up the responsibilities of the trail official. The <i style="font-weight: bold;">old trail</i> becomes the <i style="font-weight: bold;">new lead</i> and picks up the responsibilities of the lead official.</div>
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The important thing to mention here is that while the ball is <b><i>live</i></b>, the two officials will always stay diametrically opposed on their lateral side of the court (the one exception is on a made basket). Imagine folding the court in half horizontally: the official above the fold will always be above the fold while the ball is live and the official below the fold will always be below the fold while the ball is live.<br />
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In the image below, the official that's currently the lead official will always be above the blue line. The official that's currently the trail official will always be below the blue line. This will be true as long as the ball is live (again, the exception is on a made basket since the ball is dead when the try enters the basket).</div>
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<b><u>Common Positioning Mistakes New Officials Make</u></b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><b>Ball watching:</b> Not watching the matchups in their primary area and instead focusing on the ball handler and the primary defender.</li>
<li><b>Not Maintaining the Box:</b> Letting the player and the ball get outside the box without readjustment. </li>
<li><b>Drifting Over:</b> This is usually something the trail official does. As the ball handler goes to the other side of the court, the trail official will follow instead of maintaining proper lateral positioning. What ends up happening is both officials will be on the same lateral side of the side (sharing a sideline), leaving the other side uncovered.</li>
</ul>
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</div>
<div>
<b>To learn more about different aspects of positioning for 2 officials, click on one of the tabs below:</b></div>
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<div class="tab">
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Lines')">Lines of Responsibility</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'IBBasics')">Inbounding Positioning</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Rotations')">Rotations on Out-of-Bounds</button>
</div>
<div class="tabcontent" id="Lines">
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Just like how the court is split up into primary coverage areas for the lead and trail officials, each official has a specific job when it comes to policing the different lines on a basketball court (sideline, endline, and division line).
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The <i style="font-weight: bold;">lead</i> official is always responsible for two lines: the <i style="font-weight: bold;">near sideline</i> and the near <i style="font-weight: bold;">endline </i>(See image above).<br />
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The <i style="font-weight: bold;">trail</i> official is always responsible for three lines: the <i style="font-weight: bold;">near sideline</i>, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">division line</i>, and the <i style="font-weight: bold;">far endline </i>(See image above).<br />
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<b>The official who is responsible for the boundary line has the responsibility for out-of-bounds call</b>. For example, the lead should never call a backcourt violation and the trail should never call an out-of-bounds on the lead's endline.<br />
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After calling the out-of-bounds, determining what happens on the inbounds as it relates to positioning is simple:<br />
<ul>
<li>If it's your line of responsibility, then you are responsible for inbounding the ball (rotate as necessary)</li>
<li><b>Exception:</b> On a play in the backcourt where the defense knocks the ball out-of-bounds on the far sideline from the <b><i>trail</i></b>, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">trail</i> official will always inbound in this case even though the <i style="font-weight: bold;">lead</i> official is still responsible for calling the out-of-bounds</li>
</ul>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="IBBasics">
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When inbounding the ball, please observe the following tips/principles:<br />
<ul>
<li>If the ball goes out-of-bounds in the lane endline, move the player to outside the lane closet to the lane line where the ball went out-of-bounds to inbound. This is to avoid the player throwing the ball and hitting the basket or backboard.</li>
<li>When inbounding on the endline in the frontcourt, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">lead</i> <i><b>must</b> </i>give the ball to the player.</li>
<li>When inbounding on the endline in the backcourt, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">trail</i> <i><b>should</b> </i>bounce the ball to the player.</li>
<li>When inbounding on the sideline, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">lead</i> and <i style="font-weight: bold;">trail</i> <i><b>should</b> </i>to bounce the ball to the player.</li>
<li>The official inbounding the ball <i><b>must</b> </i>be on the <i><b>outside</b> </i>of the player (closer to the sideline or division line or endline).</li>
<li>Always <i style="font-weight: bold;">sweep the floor</i> prior to putting the ball in play.</li>
</ul>
<b>In addition, when inbounding the ball, the official should move away from the player (about 5-7 feet) while administering the inbounds. This is so that the official has a wider angle to see the whole play.</b><br />
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<b>Take a look at the following examples with it relates to simple out-of-bounds. For more complex out-of-bound plays that involves rotations, please see the <i>Rotations</i> tab.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Play #1: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the endline in the lane: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going left). </b>The lead official should move the ball to outside the lane in order to inbound.<br />
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<b>Play #2: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the endline by the lead: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going left).</b> The lead official is <b><i>outside </i></b>of the player in this scenario as the lead official is closer to the near sideline than the player.</div>
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<b>Play #3: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the sideline by the trail: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going left). </b><span style="text-align: center;">The trail official is <b><i>outside </i></b>of the player as the trail official is closer to the division line than the player.</span></div>
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<b>Play #4: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the sideline by the trail: this is a backcourt inbound (play is going to the left).</b> The trail official is <i style="font-weight: bold;">outside </i>of the player as the trail official is closer to the endline than the player.</div>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="Rotations">
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Typically, for most out-of-bound scenarios there does not need to be a rotation of the officials.<br />
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However, that is not always the case:<br />
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<ul>
<li>If the ball goes out-of-bounds on the <b><i>lead's </i></b>sideline <b><i>above </i></b>the <b><i>free-throw line extended</i></b>, the <u>lead will rotate up to become the trail</u> and inbound the ball as trail. If the ball goes out-of-bounds on the lead's sideline below the free-throw line extended, the lead does not need to rotate and will bounce the ball to the inbounding player.</li>
<li>If the ball goes out-of-bounds on the <b><i>trail's </i></b>sideline <b><i>below</i></b> the <b><i>free-throw line extended</i></b>, the <u>trail will rotate down and become the lead</u> and inbound the ball as lead. If the ball goes-out-of-bounds on the trail's sideline above the free-throw line extended, the trail does not need to rotate and will bounce the ball to the inbounding player.</li>
</ul>
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<b>Play #1: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the lead's sideline above the free-throw line extended: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going to the left).</b> Since the ball is above the free-throw line extended the lead will rotate up and become trail to handle the inbounds. The trail will rotate down and become the lead.</div>
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<b>Note: </b>The picture below does not reflect the correct primary area of coverage following the rotation.</div>
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<b>Play #2: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the trail's sideline below the free-throw line extended: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going left). </b>Since the ball is below the free-throw line extended the trail will rotate down and become lead to handle the inbounds. The lead will rotate up and become the trail.<br />
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<div>
<b>Note: </b>The picture below does not reflect the correct primary area of coverage following the rotation.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiOUkIqqAUZacn2i_lr4xt2kp1tiXiurWEbbVc5qgNPozdk3z5PJUkEtDcOAvS-HMwBPH8L8_RFlNQNQkz2o6oozdSZNySMuTx-0XFb-X7AM8cXWACe9DkEyEWCz2vqHdg7fiZgQu6Uyc/s1600/inbound-trail+below+ftle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="712" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiOUkIqqAUZacn2i_lr4xt2kp1tiXiurWEbbVc5qgNPozdk3z5PJUkEtDcOAvS-HMwBPH8L8_RFlNQNQkz2o6oozdSZNySMuTx-0XFb-X7AM8cXWACe9DkEyEWCz2vqHdg7fiZgQu6Uyc/s320/inbound-trail+below+ftle.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Play #3: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the endline opposite of the lead: this is a frontcourt inbound (play is going left). </b>Since the ball is on the opposite side, the lead will rotate over to the other side of the basket to handle the inbounds. The trail will rotate to the appropriate side as well.<br />
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<b>Note: </b>The picture below does not reflect the correct primary area of coverage following the rotation.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGvis-1zaTrdns3X0wHbChj5J8_sQa3EvfGlHTOTASIXE6vagaPGwA4GlM4TPG-hJLNxebjexXcumFUya19QXh4r5KPbFb4k0Tvv8PieDfpJMqBQMbwCdYeNZqdcH-BpGTtOXgaYHTM2w/s1600/inbound-lead+farside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="712" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGvis-1zaTrdns3X0wHbChj5J8_sQa3EvfGlHTOTASIXE6vagaPGwA4GlM4TPG-hJLNxebjexXcumFUya19QXh4r5KPbFb4k0Tvv8PieDfpJMqBQMbwCdYeNZqdcH-BpGTtOXgaYHTM2w/s320/inbound-lead+farside.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Play #4: Ball goes out-of-bounds on the lead's sideline in the backcourt: this is a backcourt inbound (play is going left). </b>In this play, since the ball went out-of-bounds on the lead's sideline, the lead is still responsible for calling the ball out-of-bounds. However, since it's a backcourt inbound, the trail will handle the inbound. The trail will rotate over to the other side of the basket to handle the inbound. The lead will rotate to the appropriate side as well.<br />
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<b>Note: </b>The picture below does not reflect the correct primary area of coverage following the rotation.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAPYTfWAKk3Cdrboe80ctUJN74m-OPF_zZeFBua1os1JaR5Bi5eDCL_QTuMi0A05sdpLrbp2HmWXG1flyFlVP4BrZ2DadM6vb8JQq7FCMrRYHOPc1zt2Zp2gjRFD1JNS9ZpE2-1TtrnGY/s1600/inbound-trailbc2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="715" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAPYTfWAKk3Cdrboe80ctUJN74m-OPF_zZeFBua1os1JaR5Bi5eDCL_QTuMi0A05sdpLrbp2HmWXG1flyFlVP4BrZ2DadM6vb8JQq7FCMrRYHOPc1zt2Zp2gjRFD1JNS9ZpE2-1TtrnGY/s320/inbound-trailbc2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b>
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<b><u>Note on Crew Harmony as it Relates to Inbound Rotations</u></b><br />
Be aware of where the ball goes out of bounds and start the rotation as necessary.<br />
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In examples #1 and #3 above, the trail official should know that the lead official will be rotating. In this case, rotate along with the lead official. Do not wait until the lead official is in position before realizing, "Oh, I need to rotate!"<br />
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In example #2 and #4 above, the lead official should know that the trail official will be rotating. In this case, rotate along with the trail official. Do not wait until the lead official is in position before realizing, "Oh, I need to rotate!"</div>
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The NFHS basketball rules book covers live ball and dead ball in <b>Section 6-1</b> and <b>Section 6-7</b>.<br />
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<b>Note:</b> The information covered in this section applies to games following <b>NFHS</b> rules.<br />
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<b>Please select a tab to find out more about the selected topic.</b><br />
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<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'LiveBall')">Live Ball</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'DeadBall')">Dead Ball</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'Significance')">Significance</button>
<button class="tablinks" onclick="openPage(event, 'CasePlays')">Case Plays</button>
</div>
<!-------- Live Ball --------!>
<div class="tabcontent" id="LiveBall">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmUWhn2oxzWeUkHMStc41GlDo4jdzs8SNgUBJ1zsY0EfNM_y5r7Av5yc2zgltd5x23EW5s_ejhIRwVlqPXSUs5Bp7qoR1GZjPZ1KKVzr7yIt8JpMzgy6r921r4nMIjNLSvzX5dI_4nxvQ/s1600/jumpball.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="900" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmUWhn2oxzWeUkHMStc41GlDo4jdzs8SNgUBJ1zsY0EfNM_y5r7Av5yc2zgltd5x23EW5s_ejhIRwVlqPXSUs5Bp7qoR1GZjPZ1KKVzr7yIt8JpMzgy6r921r4nMIjNLSvzX5dI_4nxvQ/s320/jumpball.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The ball becomes live when:<br />
<ol>
<li>On a jump ball, the ball leaves the official's hands.</li>
<li>On a throw-in, when the ball is at the disposal of the thrower.</li>
<li>On a free-throw, when the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter.</li>
</ol>
<div>
Think of it as: <b>when the players dictate what happens next to the ball, the ball is live.</b><br />
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In the three situations above:<br />
<ol>
<li>When the official tosses the ball up for the jump ball, the two jumpers now decide what happens next to the ball. The ball is live.</li>
<li>On a throw-in, when the official gives the ball to the thrower, the thrower now decides what happens next to the ball. The ball is live.</li>
<li>On a free-throw, when the official gives the ball to the free-throw shooter, the shooter now decides what happens next to the ball. The ball is live.</li>
</ol>
</div>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="DeadBall">
<img alt="" height="180" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Gw4somVK0sY/maxresdefault.jpg" title="" width="320" />
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There are many situations in which a ball becomes dead. Typically, a dead ball signals a brief stoppage of <i style="font-weight: bold;">physical </i>play. Basketball is a contact sport so contact is inevitable, but there should be no physical contact during dead ball.<br />
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Ways for the ball to become dead:<br />
<ol>
<li>Following a successful try until the thrower picks up the ball and is ready to proceed with the throw in.</li>
<li>A foul or violation occurs.</li>
<li>The ball comes to rest on the flange of the basket or the ball gets stuck on the basket (enforcement is through the AP arrow).</li>
<li>A held ball occurs.</li>
<li>A timeout is granted.</li>
<li>An official's whistle is blown.</li>
<li>Time expires for a quarter or extra period.</li>
</ol>
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There is one exception: The ball does not become dead until a shot try or tap ends, or until the airborne shooter returns to the ground (one foot lands = shooter has returned to the ground).</div>
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<!-------- Significance --------!>
<div class="tabcontent" id="Significance">
<h3>
Correlation Between Live Ball/Dead Ball and the Clock</h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>A ball being <i style="font-weight: bold;">live</i> or <b><i>dead </i></b>has nothing to do with the clock.</li>
<ul>
</ul>
<li>Just because the ball is live, does not mean the clock is started.</li>
<ul>
<li>During an inbounds once the official gives the ball to the thrower, the ball is live, but the clock is stopped.</li>
</ul>
<li>Just because the ball is dead, does not mean the clock is stopped.</li>
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<li>On a successful try, the clock continues to run.</li>
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Timeouts </h3>
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<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Only </i>the offensive team can call a timeout when the ball is <b><i>live</i></b>.</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Either</i> team (offensive or defensive) team can call a timeout when the ball is <i><b>dead</b>.</i></li>
<ul>
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<h3>
Fouls </h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>If contact occurs when the ball is dead, by rule the contact is either ignored or ruled a technical (intentional or flagrant) foul (Rule 4-19, Art 5c).</li>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>This means that if contact occurs between opponents during a dead ball that warrants a foul call, then that foul will be a technical (intentional or flagrant) and the procedures for a technical foul will be followed (2 free throws and possession of the ball).</li>
</ul>
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</h3>
<h3>
Procedural</h3>
<div>
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<li>If the ball is dead as a result of anything other than a made basket, <b>then the official must put the ball in play</b>:</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul><ul>
<li>For example: If the ball goes out of bounds, the official <b>MUST </b>give the ball to the inbounding thrower.</li>
<li>For example: If a foul/violation is called, the official <b>MUST </b>give the ball to the inbounding thrower or free throw shooter.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Note: </b>On a made basket, the official does not need to give the ball to the inbounding player.</li>
</ul>
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<!-------- Case Plays --------!>
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<b><br /></b><b>Question:</b> A1 releases the ball on a try for goal. The try is successful. Is the ball dead and when does it become live again?<br />
<b>Answer: </b>The ball is dead as soon as the try is successful. The ball is not live again until it is at the disposal of the thrower.<br />
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<b>Question: </b>A1 releases the ball on a try for goal. The try is successful. As soon as the try is made, Team A coach calls a timeout. Is this allowed?<br />
<b>Answer: </b>Yes. The ball is dead, either team may call time out.<br />
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<b>Question: </b>A1 releases the ball on a try for goal. The try is successful. B1 picks up the ball, but has not started his throw-in yet. Team A coach calls a timeout. Is this allowed?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> No, once B1 picks up the ball, B1 has now established player control and team control. The ball is live and only Team B may call a timeout.<br />
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<b>Question:</b> A1 throws a pass that goes out of bounds. B1 picks up the ball and proceeds to inbound it to B2. Is this allowed?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> No. In this situation, the official must put the ball into play. The official shall blow the whistle, signal which team will have the ball, and indicate the spot of the throw-in. The official shall then place the ball at the disposal of the thrower, which will make the ball live.<br />
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<b>Question:</b> B1 fouls A1. After the whistle has blown, A1 places two hands on B1 and shoves B1. The official rules this a common personal foul on A1. Is the official correct?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> No. By rule, contact during dead ball is either a technical foul or is ignored. Because A1 placed two hands on B1 and shoved B1, this cannot be considered incidental contact and must be ruled a technical foul.</div>
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This section explores the rules at a high level behind player control, team control, and the significance of understanding player and team control.<br />
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The NFHS basketball rules book covers team control and player control in <b>Section 4-12</b>.<br />
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<b>Note:</b> The information covered in this section applies to games following <b>NFHS</b> rules.<br />
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<b>Please select a tab to find out more about the selected topic.</b><br />
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<h3>
From the Rulebook</h3>
<i>NFHS Basketball Rules Book 2015-16</i>
Section 4-12: Control, Player and Team
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<b>Art. 1</b>...A player is in control of the ball when he/she is holding or dribbling a live ball. There is no player control when, during a jump ball, a jumper catches the ball prior to the ball touching the floor or a non-jumper, or during an interrupted dribble.<br />
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<b>Art. 2</b>...A team is in team control of the ball:<br />
<ol>
<li>When a player of the team is in control.</li>
<li>While a live ball is being passed among teammates.</li>
<li>During an interrupted dribble.</li>
<li>When a player of the team has disposal of the ball for a throw-in.</li>
</ol>
<div>
<b>Art. 3</b>...Team control continues until:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>The ball is in flight during a try or tap for goal.</li>
<li>An opponent secures control.</li>
<li>The ball becomes dead.</li>
</ol>
<div>
<b>Art. 4</b>...While the ball remains live a loose ball always remains in control of the team whose player last had control, unless it is a try or tap for goal.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Art. 5</b>...Team control does not exist during a jump ball or the touching of a rebound, but is re-established when a player secures control.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Art. 6</b>...Neither team control nor player control exists during a dead ball, a jump ball or when the ball is in flight during a try or tap for goal.</div>
</div>
-->
<div class="tabcontent" id="TeamControl">
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<img alt="" height="230" src="https://www.danna.it/Risorse/DAN/Public/O_D9046/D9046/Materiali_disponibili/images/basketball4.jpg" title="" width="320" /><br />
<br />
A team control is said to have <i style="font-weight: bold;">team control</i>:<br />
<ol>
<li>When there is player control</li>
<li>When a live ball is being passed among teammates</li>
<li>During an interrupted dribble</li>
<li>When a free throw shooter has disposal of the ball</li>
<li>When a player of the team has disposal of the ball for a throw in</li>
</ol>
<div>
<b>Note:</b> For #4 and #5 above, there is player control so it satisfies condition #1.<br />
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Quite simply put, during <i style="font-weight: bold;">live ball</i>, team control designates the team on <i style="font-weight: bold;">offense</i>.<br />
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Team control ends:<br />
<ol>
<li>On <b>release </b>of the ball for a try or tap</li>
<li>An opponent secures control</li>
<li>The ball becomes dead</li>
</ol>
<div>
<b>Note:</b> A defensive player knocking the ball away does not satisfy the conditions for ending team control. Team control is maintained until a defensive player gains <i style="font-weight: bold;">player control</i> of the ball, thus establishing team control for his/her team.</div>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="PlayerControl">
<b><i><img alt="" height="240" src="https://www.usab.com/~/media/6ba6191f9329409abaf84ba380cdcbae.ashx?h=600&la=en&w=800" title="" width="320" /></i></b><br />
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A player has <i style="font-weight: bold;">player control</i> of the ball when that player:<br />
<ol>
<li>Is holding the ball</li>
<li>Is dribbling the ball</li>
</ol>
<div>
No player control exists:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>During an interrupted dribble</li>
<li>When there is a loose ball</li>
<li>When the ball is dead</li>
</ol>
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When a player initially secures <i style="font-weight: bold;">player control </i>of the ball, that player also secures <i style="font-weight: bold;">team control</i> for his/her team.</div>
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<div class="tabcontent" id="Significance">
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<h3>
Correlation Between Team Control and Player Control</h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>If there is player control, then there is also team control:</li>
<ul>
<li>A player holding or dribbling the ball satisfies the conditions for team control</li>
</ul>
<li>Even though there is team control, there may not necessarily be player control:</li>
<ul>
<li>When a player releases the ball for a pass, there is no player control, but the requirements for ending team control have not been met so there is team control.</li>
<li>When a defender knocks the ball away, while the ball is loose, there is no player control, but the requirements for ending team control have not been met so there is team control.</li>
</ul>
<li>If there is no team control, there is no player control.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>
</h3>
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</h3>
<h3>
Timeouts </h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>The offensive team can <i style="font-weight: bold;">only</i> call a timeout when there is <b><i>player control</i></b>.</li>
<li>If there is <b><i>only </i></b><i style="font-weight: bold;">team control</i>, then the offensive <b><i>cannot </i></b>be granted a timeout.</li>
<ul>
<li>i.e. during an interrupted dribble, a deflection, or a pass, there is team control, but no player control. Therefore, a timeout cannot be granted.</li>
<li>i.e. during a held ball, there is team control, but no player control. Therefore, a timeout cannot be granted.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>
Fouls </h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>While there is team control, any foul committed by the offense shall either be a <i style="font-weight: bold;">team control foul</i> or <i style="font-weight: bold;">player control foul</i>. The significance here is that <b>no points can be scored as a result of a team control foul or player control foul</b>.</li>
<ul>
<li>If a player commits a <i style="font-weight: bold;">player control foul</i> after a try (airborne shooter exception), the basket will be waved off if it is successful (points cannot be scored).</li>
<li>If a player commits a <i style="font-weight: bold;">team control foul</i> and the opposing team is in the bonus, then bonus free-throws <b><i>are not</i></b><i> </i>awarded.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>When enforcing player and team control fouls, since the foul results in a loss of possession (and loss of points if try was good) for the team, do not penalize the team twice by awarded their opponent bonus free throws.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Easier way to remember: <b><span style="color: blue;">the ball is <u>always</u> inbounded at the point of interruption following a player control or team control foul.</span></b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b style="font-weight: bold;">Note: </b>Remember that team control ends on the release of the ball for a try or tap so after the shooter shoots the ball, if a foul is committed by the former offensive team, then this is <i>not</i> a team control foul (since team control ended) and if free throws are merited, then they are awarded.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Three-Second Violation</h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Team control is a requirement for a three-second violation. If there is no team control, then there cannot be a three-second violation. Once the team re-establishes team control, then the counter for a three-second violation restarts.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul><ul>
<li>So this means if the offensive team continues to get the rebound and then immediately shoots, there cannot be a three-second violation even though offensive players are in the lane during the sequence.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Traveling Violation</h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li>A player has to have player control in order to travel. Player control ends when team control ends, like on a shot. This is why a player is allowed to catch his/own air ball. </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGysE5FDL3iMwGs0Ee5iloB32WXMuGYE0Q-C_I5Rn0z84xcKv4CCGXFsoeiu9boqOyMzX1W7hNJpM4SYGzDn8nG6AOVwhelK_VwIH2kVAnAxIAq1eJLool3QtnMuOBw_Z_rNnVdENof4/s1600/question.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="277" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGysE5FDL3iMwGs0Ee5iloB32WXMuGYE0Q-C_I5Rn0z84xcKv4CCGXFsoeiu9boqOyMzX1W7hNJpM4SYGzDn8nG6AOVwhelK_VwIH2kVAnAxIAq1eJLool3QtnMuOBw_Z_rNnVdENof4/s200/question.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b><b>Question:</b> A1 is dribbling the ball and B1 knocks the ball away. Is there player control? Is there team control?<br />
<b>Answer: </b>There is no longer player control because A1 is not holding or dribbling the ball. There is team control because the conditions of ending team control have not yet been met.<br />
<br />
<b>Question: </b>A1 is holding the ball when (1) A1 gets doubled teamed by B1 and B2 or (2) B1 comes in and grabs the ball such that both A1 and B1 are holding the ball. Is Coach A allowed to call a timeout?<br />
<b>Answer: </b>In scenario (1) above, there is player control so Coach A can be granted a timeout. In scenario (2) above, there is no player control so Coach A cannot be granted a timeout.<br />
<br />
<b>Question: </b>A1 is dribbling the ball and B1 knocks the ball away. A1 fouls B1 in trying to retrieve the loose ball. Team B is in the bonus, are free throws awarded to B1?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> The conditions of ending team control have not yet been met. Therefore, there is team control and no shots are awarded on team control fouls. B1 will not be entitled to any free throws.<br />
<br />
<b>Question:</b> A1 is dribbling the ball and B1 knocks the ball away. B1 fouls A1 in trying to retrieve the loose ball. Team A is in the bonus, are free throws awarded to A1?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> The conditions of ending team control have not yet been met. Team A still retains team control of the ball. B1’s foul is not a team control foul, therefore A1 will be entitled to shoot the bonus free throws.<br />
<br />
<b>Question:</b> A1 goes up for the shot, releases the ball and then crashes into B1 who has established a legal guarding position. What is the correct enforcement?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> A1 is considered to be an airborne shooting until A1 returns to the ground. A1’s contact happened before A1 returned to the ground. This is a player control foul and the basket is disallowed.<br />
<br />
<b>Question:</b> A1 goes up for the shot, releases the ball and then gets one foot on the floor before crashing into B1 who has established a legal guarding position. What is the correct enforcement?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> A1 has returned to the floor and is no longer an airborne shooter. There is no team control or player control at this point. Since the foul occurred after A1 has returned to the floor, a common foul shall be called on A1 and B1 will be entitled to free throws if Team B is in the bonus.<br />
<br />
<b>Question:</b> Prior to A1 releasing the ball for a try, A2 fouls B2. A1 continues the motion and the try is successful. What is the correct enforcement?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> A2’s foul occurred prior to A1’s release of the ball for a try so there is both player control and team control. This is a team control foul and the basket will be disallowed.<br />
<br />
<b>Question: </b>After A1 releases the ball for a try, A2 fouls B2. The try is successful. What is the correct enforcement?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> A2’s foul occurred after A1’s release of the ball for a try so there is neither player control or team control. A common foul shall be called on A2 and B2 will be entitled to free throws if Team B is in the bonus.<br />
<br />
<b>Question: </b>After establishing player control, A1 releases the pass to A2. Upon realizing that B1 will intercept the pass, A1 asks for timeout. Shall the official grant the requested timeout?<br />
<b>Answer:</b> No. During live ball, there must be player control in order to be granted a timeout. The official shall not grant a timeout in this instance.</div>
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</script>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-74499983151904928732017-10-05T08:35:00.000-07:002017-10-12T09:07:07.143-07:00Offense Initiated Contact - From NCAA Basketball 2016/17 Media/Fan Video<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">(Source: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChy2SdUn8Jl3H2NQ3801kMQ">NCAA Resources YouTube Channel</a>)</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="container">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="video" frameborder="0" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/xNL1NTCATi0"></iframe></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Disclaimer: The NCAA and NFHS are two different governing bodies and thus have two different set of rules when it comes to basketball. However, a lot of principles here still apply to games following NFHS standards.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">This is a video published by the NCAA where JD Collins (NCAA National Coordinator of Men's Basketball Officials) talks about the points of emphasis for men's basketball and focuses on offense initiated contact. The NCAA and NFHS has continually stressed the importance of reducing physicality and making the game safer by recognizing and consistently penalizing illegal contact between players. In this video, JD Collins spotlights that offense initiated contact against a defender in legal guarding position must either be a no-call or called an offensive foul if the contact is deemed egregious enough.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Let's unpack that. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><b><u>1) What is guarding?</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Guarding is the act of <b><u>legally</u></b> placing the body in the path of an offensive opponent (NFHS Rule 4-23). Every player is entitled to a spot on the court provided the player gets there first without illegally contacting an opponent.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><b><u>2) Now that we understanding guarding, what's a legal guarding position?</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">A defender must obtain an <b style="text-decoration-line: underline;">initial</b> legal guarding position in order to defend against an offensive opponent. To obtain an initial guarding position, the defender must (NFHS Rule 4-23):</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Have both feet touching inbounds on the playing court.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">The front of the defender's torso must be facing the opponent.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">The defender must have obtained that area prior to the offensive becoming airborne.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><b><u>3) Now that legal guarding position is established, what can the defender do?</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">After establishing initial legal guarding position, the defender is now allowed to:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Have one or both feet on the playing court or be airborne.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Turn away from the opponent.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Move laterally or obliquely to maintain position.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Raise hands or jump within his/her own vertical plane (cylinder principle and principle of verticality).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Turn or duck to absorb the shock of imminent contact.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><b><u>4) What is the defender NOT allowed to do?</u></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Even though legal guarding position is established, the defender is not allowed to:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Move<b> </b>into<i> </i>an opponent causing contact.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Jump into an opponent causing contact.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Bring hands/arms down past the frame of the body or extend an arm, shoulder, hip or leg into the path of an opponent violating verticality.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Hand-checking/body-bumping the ball handler.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Be out of bounds.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Crowd the opponent out of an established straight-line path.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: normal;">Now that we understand what a defender can and can't do, distinguishing between illegal contact by the defender and offense initiated contact becomes a little simpler. Provided that the defender has established initial legal guarding position and has not committed an act that violates legal guarding status, <b>contact between the ball handler should either result in a no-call or an offensive foul if contact displaces the defender in legal guarding position</b>.</span></div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-61281184931465112862017-10-01T14:08:00.000-07:002018-08-01T05:50:51.460-07:002017-18 NFHS Rule ChangesTaken from the NFHS website (http://www.nfhs.org/sports-resource-content/basketball-rules-changes-2017-18/)<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2017-18 NFHS Rule Changes</span></h2>
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<b>1-13-2: </b>The coaching box shall be outlined outside the side of the court on which the scorer's and timer's table and team benches are located. The area shall be bounded by a line drawn 28 feet from the end line towards the Division line. At this point a line drawn from the sideline toward the team bench becomes the end of the coaching box going towards the end line.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Note: </b>State Associations may alter the length and placement of the 28 foot (maximum) coaching box.<br />
<b><br /></b>
Effective Immediately. Tape may be used to extend the 14-foot line to 28 feet.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>The restriction of the coaching box penalizes the level of communication between coach and player. Allowing a coach freedom to move within the new box between the 28’ mark and the end line provides a coach more access to coach his/her players.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>2-9-1: </b>When a foul occurs, an official shall signal the timer to stop the clock. The official shall verbally inform the offender, then with finger(s) of two hands, indicate to the scorer the number of the offender and the number of free throws.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>To minimize foul reporting errors, that occur between the officials and the scorekeepers when the information gets lost in the translation. Two handed reporting is easier for the scorekeepers to see and comprehend in addition to being less confusing.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3-4-1d: </b>There are no color/design restrictions in the area of the team jersey from the imaginary line at the base of the neckline to the top of the shoulder and in the corresponding area on the back of the jersey. There are restrictions on what identifying names may be placed in this area (see Article 3-4-4).<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>Provide guidance on the forthcoming restrictions for this area of the jersey.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3-4-4: </b>Identifying name(s) shall adhere to the following:<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>a. </b>If used, lettering with school name, school’s nickname, school logo, player’s name and /or abbreviation of the official school name shall be placed horizontally on the jersey.<br />
b. The panel in the shoulder area of the jersey on the back may be used for placing an identifying name as well.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>Provide guidance to persons purchasing uniforms in determining what wording should go onto the jersey.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>4-48 NEW: </b>Warning for Coach/Team Conduct<br />
A warning to a coach/team for misconduct is an administrative procedure by an official, which is recorded in the scorebook by the scorer and reported to the Head Coach:<br />
Art. 1 . . . For conduct, such as that described in rule 10-5-1a,b,d,e,f; 10-5-2; 10-5-4 the official shall warn the head coach unless the offense is judged to be major, in which case a technical foul shall be assessed. Note: A warning is not required prior to calling a technical foul.<br />
Art. 2 . . . For the first violation of rule 10-6-1, the official shall warn the head coach unless the offense is judged to be major, in which case a technical foul shall be assessed. Note: A warning is not required prior to calling a technical foul.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>Stopping play and making sure that the bench and the coach know that an official warning has been given, sends a clear message to everyone in the gym and impacts the behavior of the coach, and in some cases the behavior of the opposing coach. This change in behavior creates a better atmosphere and many times avoids the need to administer a technical foul.</div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-86029098431370240332016-08-01T05:53:00.000-07:002018-08-01T05:54:20.143-07:002016-17 NFHS Rule ChangesTaken from the NFHS website (http://www.nfhs.org/sports-resource-content/basketball-rules-changes-2016-17/)<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2016-17 NFHS Rule Changes</span></h2>
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<b>1-20 NEW: </b>Non-playing personnel, e.g., spirit participants, media, shall remain outside of the playing area during a 30-second or less time-out during the game. Non-playing personnel shall stand outside the free throw lane lines extended toward the sidelines throughout the game.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>Making officials aware of the standards set for the spirit participants allows the official to manage them when they may not be in an appropriate place.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>2-12-5: </b>Sound a warning signal to begin the 15 seconds (maximum) permitted for replacing a disqualified or injured player, or for a player directed to leave the game.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>The amount of time presently given is too long and allows for gamesmanship to be deployed.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3-5-6: </b>Undershirts shall be a single solid color similar to the torso of the jersey and shall be hemmed and not have frayed or ragged edges. If the undershirt has sleeves, they shall be the same length. See 3-6 for logo requirements.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>This would now allow all extra apparel that is worn to have one logo. Last year we simplified the color requirements to be consistent on all sleeves, tights, wristbands and headwear. This would be one more step to assist our officials in simplifying the enforcement of the uniform rules.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3-5-7: </b>Removed the compression shorts rule; add compression shorts to Rule 3-5-3 which means compression shorts now must meet the guidelines outlined in this rule.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>This rule is no longer needed and would simplify the enforcement of the uniform rules for our officials. Compression shorts will be added to rule 3-5-3.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>9-1-3h NEW: </b>Players occupying marked free-throw lane line spaces may not enter the free-throw semicircle until the ball touches the ring or until the free throw ends.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Rationale: </b>The addition of this information makes the rule complete and easy to understand.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>2016-17 NFHS MAJOR EDITORIAL CHANGES</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
3-5-3 Note; 9-1 Penalties 4b; 10-5-3<br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>2016-17 NFHS POINTS OF EMPHASIS</b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li> Acknowledging and Granting Time-out Criteria</li>
<li> Technical fouls</li>
<li> Replacing a Disqualified or Injured Player</li>
<li> Protecting the Free Thrower</li>
<li> Post Play</li>
</ul>
</div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-27815952755681595232015-11-11T23:04:00.003-08:002016-07-05T09:42:32.123-07:00The Benefits of Social Media<h2>
YouTube Training Videos</h2>
<div>
<br /></div>
One of the advantges of the new digital era is that there is so much information available online. Many of you have asked if there are videos available that can be used to help reinforce the concepts covered during the classroom and on-court sessions.<br />
<br />
Desert Valley Basketball Officials Association (DVBOA) has some great training resources available on their YouTube page. There are tons of videos for different game situations and there are many full-length high school level games so you can watch and observe how the officials rotate and their mechanics. The DVBOA YouTube page is here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/DVBOA">https://www.youtube.com/user/DVBOA</a><br />
<br />
Additionally, there are a couple videos made by different organizations that I think are helpful. Take these videos with a grain of salt though because every organization/association does mechanics a bit differently. Please do not stray from what has been taught during training.<br />
<br />
Ithaca College Basketball Training Video:<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WGVXr3dOX4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WGVXr3dOX4</a><br />
<br />
Basketball Manitoba Basketball Training Video:<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYcc3Bo7t7I">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYcc3Bo7t7I</a><br />
<br />
DVBOA Instructional Video on Official Positions, Responsibilities, and Mechanics<br />
Basic Court Coverage: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GPRe255HeQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GPRe255HeQ</a><br />
Jump Ball: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2ombZl0EvI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2ombZl0EvI</a><br />
3-Point Try Responsibilities: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kP_WsxJAAWs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kP_WsxJAAWs</a><br />
Calling Out of Primary Area: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRh5MsTffKw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRh5MsTffKw</a><br />
<br />
DVBOA Instructional Video on Throw-Ins<br />
Sideline Throw-In and Subs: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2xi88PgvdQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2xi88PgvdQ</a><br />
Endline Throw-In and Subs: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jDcOeeI6rw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jDcOeeI6rw</a><br />
Frontcourt Throw-In and Subs: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCm_P79GHR4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCm_P79GHR4</a><br />
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DVBOA Instructional Video on Fouls, Foul Reporting, and Free Throws<br />
Foul Reporting: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYPa_mUYX6s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYPa_mUYX6s</a><br />
Free Throw Mechanics: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2QWEPsLSe8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2QWEPsLSe8</a><br />
Contact Emphasis: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-Hz2YwK-k4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-Hz2YwK-k4</a><br />
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DVBOA Instructional Video on Violations<br />
Travel and Double Coverage: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPz9jnvr94">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPz9jnvr94</a><br />
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If you wanted to watch a full-length game and observe what the officials do/call: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXEQ2-qYwF0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXEQ2-qYwF0</a>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-53918231465140494412015-09-24T07:07:00.002-07:002015-09-24T07:58:56.224-07:00LFTP: Ejection of Jean Machi<iframe frameborder="0" height="424" src="http://m.mlb.com/shared/video/embed/embed.html?content_id=497985783&topic_id=6479266&width=600&height=424&property=mlb" width="600">Your browser does not support iframes.</iframe>
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You need the sound on for this one because it's a good one. Relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox gets ejected in the game between the Red Sox and the Tampa Bay Rays. This game was a pitcher's duel with the score 0-0 through 6 innings.<br />
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Fast forward to the top of the 9th, the Rays are up 4-0 when the Red Sox brings in Jean Machi with one out to pitch to Asdrubal Cabrera. With the count 1-1, Cabrera hits the next pitch out of the park for a home run. Steven Souza Jr. is up next for the Rays; with the first pitch of the at-bat, Machi throws a pitch that sails over Souza's head. Home plate umpire <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Welke">Bill Welke</a> immediately ejects Machi.<br />
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Now that you are caught up, listen to the obnoxious fan in this clip. Here what he's saying? In case you missed it:<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: cyan;"><i>"Come on Blue, get a grip will ya?"</i></span></li>
<li><span style="color: cyan;"><i>Hey Blue, get a grip. We're losing, idiot!"</i></span></li>
<li><span style="color: cyan;"><i>"Hey Blue, wake up Blue!"</i></span></li>
<li><span style="color: cyan;"><i>"It's 5 to nothing!"</i></span></li>
<li><span style="color: cyan;"><i>"You suck, Ump!"</i></span></li>
</ul>
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There's a couple things to learn here:<br />
<ol>
<li><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ignore the fans. Most of them don't know the rules or the responsibilities of being an official. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: large;">Do not let the score prevent you from calling the game fairly.</span></span></li>
</ol>
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Fans are not responsible for knowing the rules, that is the job of the officials. Fans are also not impartial; impartiality is the responsibility of the officials. Bill Welke, "in his judgement", determined that Machi was throwing intentionally throwing at the batter, which is unsporting and resulted in the ejection.<br />
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On the hardwood, when A1 (Team A, Player 1) gets stripped by B1 (Team B, Player 1) and B1 is now on a fast break, keep an eye out on A1 for retaliation. This can come in the form of a hard foul or even worse, a two handed push in the back. Know the game situation and administer the game accordingly.<br />
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Also, keep a deaf ear to the fans. Do not let them "bully" you into making calls or changing your call. There's nothing worse than hearing "3 seconds!" being yelled from the crowd and then seeing the official blow a 3-second violation. That damages the credibility of the officials.<br />
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Lastly, do not let the score prevent you from calling the game fairly. When one team is up 25 points, it's easy to go into "cruise control" and try to get the game over as quickly as possible. But do not forget what you are there for: to enforce the rules and prevent injuries. Just because the game is a blowout, does not mean that the players are not playing their hardest. If there is a hard foul...it still needs to be called. If the officials swallow their whistles during a blowout, it's essentially telling the players to "have at it". Remember we need to be an enforcer of the rules and we are blind to the score of the game.PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-32565934506116454982015-08-28T06:37:00.001-07:002015-08-28T07:46:40.535-07:00LFTP: Dead-ball Officiating (HOU v. LAC)<video controls="">
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Watch the video above. It was taken from the 2015 Western Semifinals Game 3 between the Houston Rockets and the Los Angeles Clippers.<br />
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This video has can teach us from following two points:<br />
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<li>The post play from Dwight Howard</li>
<li>The dead-ball officiating </li>
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Post Play from Dwight Howard</span></h3>
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<li>There was initial contact between Dwight Howard and DeAndre Jordan. Would you have called this a foul?</li>
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<li>Contact was initiated by Howard. This is a correct no-call. Notice that Jordan had this arms down and the contact did not result in a disadvantage for Howard.</li>
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<li>The subsequent contact between Dwight Howard and DeAndre Jordan was correctly ruled a foul. What did you see?</li>
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<li>Jordan was playing behind Howard (bad position to be as a defender) and reached across to get him on the arm as Howard was going up.</li>
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Dead-Ball Officiating</span></h3>
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This video is a reminder that just because the whistle has blown, does not mean that officials get to let their guard down. NBA officials have the benefit of replay. We do not. In the video above, Jason Terry ran into Blake Griffin after the whistle has already blown. This was ruled to be a dead-ball foul and resulted in an ejection of Jason Terry.</div>
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The takeaway here is that as officials, if we look away or let our guard down during dead-ball situations, then we will be apt to miss sneaky fouls. Dead-ball situations are a good opportunity for officials to be proactive.</div>
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Practical takeaways:</div>
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<li>After calling a foul, hold for a few extra seconds to make sure that the play has completely ended. </li>
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<li>For example, A1 goes for a layup, B1 crashes into A1 causing the foul and both players go on the floor. While on the floor, A1 pushes B1 off with a two-hand shove. If the referee has bailed on the play after calling the initial contact, then that referee will probably miss the subsequent dead-ball contact from the players.</li>
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<li>If your partner has called a foul and has gone to report the foul, keep an eye on all the players and see if there are any extra-curricular activities going on between the players.</li>
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<li>Players from opposing teams talking to each other in a non-friendly manner.</li>
<li>Light pushes/slaps ("Get off of me")</li>
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The dead-ball period is when players will often relax and catch their breath, but necessarily so for officials! Officials must remain proactive during this time and maintain control of the game.<br />
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<i>The embedded video above is from NBA.com (Original link <a href="http://www.nba.com/video/channels/playoffs/2015/05/08/0041400233-hou-lac-play11.nba/">here</a>). PVOA does not claim any ownership of the above video. Posting of this video is used for training/educational purposes only.</i>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-12697681769135136772015-08-07T12:50:00.003-07:002015-09-24T07:09:59.505-07:00LFTP: Ejection of Terry Francona<iframe frameborder="0" height="424" src="http://m.mlb.com/shared/video/embed/embed.html?content_id=207704483&topic_id=6479266&width=600&height=424&property=mlb" width="600">Your browser does not support iframes.</iframe>
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Watch the video above. Anything to learn? No, I'm not talking about whether that pitch was low, I'm talking about the interaction between Cleveland Indians manager Terry Francona and MLB umpire Ron Kulpa (an MLB umpire for over 15 years).<br />
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While the video does not explicitly show the actions of Kulpa, the announcers describe it around the 0:19 mark. Francona, not happy with the call starts walking up the steps to the dugout and Kulpa waves his hand at him brushing him off in a "Nope. Stay back. I don't want to talk to you" manner. <br />
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Francona believes (read: interprets) the action to be extremely disrespectful and lets Kulpa hear about it on his way to being ejected. <br />
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In MLB, players/coaches are not allowed to argue balls and strikes. Doing so is an automatic ejection so Francona was gone anyway. However, the actions of the umpire here did not help his cause and he probably lost some credibility with the Indians organization because of it.<br />
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Take away from this video: <b><span style="color: #6fa8dc;">We are all going to make bad calls or have bad games. </span></b>During those trying times, despite what we hear from the players, fans, or coaches, we need to remember that we are called to be <u>above the fray</u>. One call or one game does not define your abilities as an official, but how you act during that game may give you a reputation going forward.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Some points:</span><br />
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<ul>
<li><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">We are human, we make mistakes.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #c27ba0; font-size: large;">Players, fans, and coaches deserve our respect.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">Remember what you say and what you can be interpreted differently by different people. Do not do or say anything that may put you in a bad light.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #c27ba0; font-size: large;">If there is a <b><u>legitimate question</u></b>, there needs to be a legitimate answer. That answer, sometimes, can be "I missed it Coach. I'll get it next time."</span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #c27ba0; font-size: large;">Note: However, coaches have to be respectful at the same time.</span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">Do not tell a head coach "You can't talk to me." or brush him/her off.</span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">Note: Their request to talk has to be during a reasonable time of the game like a dead-ball and has to be a legitimate <b><u>question</u></b>.</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-82965170309520288352015-08-07T11:34:00.002-07:002015-08-07T13:33:50.206-07:00Introducing: Learn From The Pros (LFTP)<div>
I will start out this blog by saying:</div>
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<b><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">Having goals in life is important. </span></b><br />
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This probably isn't the first time you've heard this and definitely won't be the last. Goals tell us where we are going, what we are hoping to achieve, and how we hope to get there. Without goals, we are merely trying to walk up against an escalator going down (see the futility?). You might still get where you are going........eventually. But you will waste a lot of effort getting there.</div>
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Suppose you want to be a judge when you grow up. That is not going to happen overnight and you will have to set realistic goals in how to attain that dream:</div>
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<li>Do well in school, get good grades</li>
<li>Study hard for tests, ace the standardized tests</li>
<li>Stay out of trouble</li>
<li>Go to college and get a good degree</li>
<li>Work hard and get into law school</li>
<li>Study and pass the bar</li>
<li>Find a job with a law-firm</li>
<li>etc</li>
<li>etc</li>
<li>etc</li>
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The same applies to our jobs as officials and referees. Being a referee is a great exercise (for the body and the mind) and a great way to make extra money. But I hope that we all have goals of being the absolute best referee that we can be.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">That does not happen overnight.</span></b></div>
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We have to set achievable and attainable goals and throughout that journey, be willing to learn from others (the advice, the attitudes and especially, the mistakes). You are not going to be an all-star referee the moment you pick up that whistle.</div>
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Set goals for yourself:</div>
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<li>Learn to blow the whistle (you can't call fouls/violations without blowing air in your whistle!)</li>
<li>Learn the mechanics and responsibilities of a referee</li>
<li>Know the rules</li>
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<li>The violations</li>
<li>The fouls</li>
<li>The miscellaneous</li>
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<li>Learn how to apply the rules correctly</li>
<li>Learn how to keep players under control</li>
<li>Learn how to deal with coaches with authority, yet be humble and respectful</li>
<li>etc</li>
<li>etc</li>
<li>etc</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><b>Introducing: Learn from the Pros (LFTP)</b></span></div>
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Going along with that setting goals, we should take example and learn from our brothers and sisters who have made it big (I'm talking about the pros here). Learn from what they do right and more importantly, what they do wrong.</div>
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This blog series will highlight officials from MLB, NBA, NFL, and others and I'm hoping that through it, you can pick up some pointers that you can apply that your time on the court!<br />
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PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-64189565467263994622015-08-04T10:37:00.002-07:002018-08-01T05:50:58.184-07:002015-16 NFHS Rule Changes<div>
Taken from the NFHS website (http://www.nfhs.org/sports-resource-content/basketball-rules-changes-2015-16/)<br />
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2015-16 NFHS Rule Changes</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
10-6-12: The following acts constitute a foul when committed against a ball handler/dribbler. <b><span style="color: #f1c232;"><u>A player becomes a ball handler when he/she receives the ball. This would include a player in a post position.</u></span></b><br />
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<ul>
<li>Placing two hands on the player.</li>
<li>Placing an extended arm bar on the player.</li>
<li>Placing and keeping a hand on the player.</li>
<li>Contacting the player more than once with the same hand or alternating hands.</li>
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<b>Officials Signal Chart and Officials Manual</b>: Establish a signal to be used after a basket is made and there is a stoppage in play. The signal is used by the officials to indicate the team inbounding the ball may run the baseline.<br />
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The signal will be executed by extending the arm laterally, bending the elbow at a 90-degree angle, moving the hand and forearm from the elbow in a waving motion horizontally along the end line. A new picture will need to be added to the signal chart.<br />
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2015-16 NFHS Major Editorial Changes</span></h2>
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3-4-2c: By state association adoption one commemorative/memorial patch may be worn on the jersey. The patch shall not exceed 4 square inches, shall not be a number and must be located above the neckline or in the side insert.<br />
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3-5-3c: All sleeves/tights shall be the same solid color and must be the same color as any headband or wristband worn.<br />
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3-5-4a: Headbands and wristbands shall be black, white, beige or the predominant color of the jersey and the same color for each item and all participants. They must be the same color as any sleeve/tights worn. See 3-6 for logo requirements.<br />
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<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;">2015-16 Points of Emphasis</span></h2>
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<ol>
<li>Post Play</li>
<li>Rebounding</li>
<li>Free Throw Shooter</li>
<li>NFHS Signals and Mechanics</li>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-85044691049718779042015-02-04T06:39:00.000-08:002015-02-04T06:39:31.631-08:00Referee Praised for Call that Gives Fan a Moment to ShineThis heartwarming story comes out of Missouri and is reported by <a href="http://stjoechannel.com/">stjoechannel.com</a>.<br />
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In a game between South Nodaway High School and Northeast Nodaway High School, the referees made the decision to allow Cole Henggeler to perform the opening jump ball. Cole has Down Syndrome, but that doesn't stop him from doing what he loves: refereeing.<br />
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<img height="213" src="http://www.stjoechannel.com/media/lib/209/f/1/5/f15806a5-32b5-4a89-b571-c90eb4b48e5c/Story.jpg" width="320" /><br />
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You can read more about this story <a href="http://www.stjoechannel.com/story/d/story/referee-praised-for-call-that-gives-fan-a-moment-t/15973/Ylxn61GNs0-dSjlW08Q4FA" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
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This is also a good reminder that the game is ultimately not about us: it's about the players, the coaches, and the fans. And sometimes allowing something special like this to happen makes a big difference in somebody's day!<br />
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Good call ref!PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-55208878965277685652015-01-14T21:37:00.002-08:002015-08-04T11:21:41.607-07:00"No Autopsy, No Foul" (Part 2)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Foul Committed on a Basketball Missed / Made Shot" src="http://www.ebaforums.com/images/encyclopedia/basketball_shooting_foul.jpg" height="244" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://www.ebablogs.com/index.php/a/2011/08/25/foul_committed_on_missed_made_shot" target="_blank">ebablogs.com</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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In <a href="http://pvoabb.blogspot.com/2015/01/no-autopsy-no-foul-part-1.html" target="_blank">Part 1</a> of "No Autopsy, No Foul", we discussed identifying and calling fouls committed against the dribbler. We introduced the idea of RBSQ - that if any of these four qualities have been violated, then a foul has occurred.</div>
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What also needs to be mentioned is the idea that there are certain actions committed by a defender that affects RBSQ, but are more subtle than the average bumps and displacement fouls. These actions are still fouls and should be enforced often and consistently. They include actions such as:</div>
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<li>Defender placing two hands on the dribbler.</li>
<li>Defender placing and holding one hand on the dribbler.</li>
<li>Defender placing an extended arm bar on the dribbler.</li>
<li>Defender (in an attempt to steal the ball), hitting/smacking the arm or body of the dribbler.</li>
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As officials, if we can consistently get the fouls committed against the dribbler correct, that will go a long way in cleaning up the game and ensuring that it does not get out of hand. However, calling fouls against the dribbler is just a small part of the game. What coaches/players/parents will gripe about is when we miss fouls committed against the shooter. </div>
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Since the objective of the game is to put the ball in the basket (and do so more times than the other team), common sense dictates that there will be ample opportunity for the defense to foul the shooter. In this post, we will talk about identifying these fouls committed against the shooter by exploring these concepts:</div>
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<li>Refereeing the Defense</li>
<li>The Cylinder Principle</li>
<li>The Verticality Rule</li>
<li>When Does the "Try" Start?</li>
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And tying them together in determining fouls committed against the shooter.</div>
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The idea of refereeing the defense is an aid in determining who we primarily focus on during a situation where a foul is likely to occur. Ask yourself this question: "Who is more likely to commit a foul?" The answer is the "defense" so as referees, we should focus on the defender.</div>
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Take the following situation: Player A1 sees an opening to the basketball, dribbles into the lane and BAM makes contact with Player B1 sending both players crashing to the floor. Is it a charge? Is it a block? If we don't focus on Player B1 and determine if B1 established legal guarding position, then we do not have all of the information in making the correct call. </div>
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This is why we referee the defense. Know where the ball is and what the ball handler is doing, but focus on the defender in keeping an eye out on the contact.</div>
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Refereeing the defense will help in:</div>
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<li>Determining if the defender established legal guarding position</li>
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<li>Was the defense there first?</li>
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<li>Determining if the defender is violating the Cylinder Principle</li>
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<li>Is the defense playing outside the cylinder?</li>
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<li>Determining if the defender's body/hands/arms creates contact that violates RBSQ</li>
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<li>Is there a hit or hold on the arms or a bump on the body?</li>
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So as referees, know where the ball is, but focus on the defender and what the defender is doing.</div>
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The Cylinder Principle and Verticality Rule go hand in hand. The Cylinder Principle is the idea that a player on the court is entitled to legal position in his "cylinder".</div>
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The area of the cylinder is defined by:</div>
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<li>Front: By the palms of the hands</li>
<li>Rear: By the buttocks</li>
<li>Sides: By the outer edge of the arms and legs</li>
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This is the area that the player is legally entitled to. An easier way to think about where a player's cylinder is this: while standing, jump. When we jump naturally, we will land with our feet in a neutral position...about shoulder width apart. Now lift your hands up. You have now established your "cylinder". (See the image below).</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.bbk-ostwestfalen.de/CMS_FILES/images/content/regulations/Regeln_05.gif" height="200" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://www.bbk-ostwestfalen.de/CMS_FILES/index.php?page=245" target="_blank">www.bbk-ostwestfalen.de</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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This means that a player who extends outside the cylinder and causes contact has committed a foul:</div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Extending arms outside the cylinder (think: like an airplane)</li>
<li>Extending the lower body (legs, knees) outside the cylinder</li>
<li>Leaning with the upper body outside the cylinder</li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">The Verticality Rule</span></h2>
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A player has the right to establish position and the legal cylinder anywhere on the court not already occupied by an opponent. Once a player has established legal position, that player may legally be entitled to jump up and down within his cylinder with his arms extended up.</div>
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If the offensive player causes contact and displaces a defender within the defender's cylinder, then an offensive foul has occurred. Verticality should not be punished: if a defender jumps straight up with arms straight up and there is contact between the shooter and defender, then we have contact that is either an offensive foul or ignored as incidental/marginal.</div>
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However, if the defender violates the Verticality Rule by bring his arms down to stop the shooter, then we will always have a defensive foul (for a hold or hit).<br />
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This is why Roy Hibbert of the Indiana Pacers is so devastating as a defender. He has mastered the Cylinder Principle and Verticality Rule perfectly to play solid defense while avoiding foul trouble.</div>
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SBNation has a good article on Roy Hibbert and the Verticality Rule <a href="http://www.sbnation.com/2013/12/16/5195960/roy-hibbert-verticality-analysis-indiana-pacers" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">When Does the "Try" Start?</span></h2>
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How do we determine when the dribbler becomes a shooter? This is important in determining if we simply have a spot foul or if we are sending a player to the line. </div>
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There are two situations to look at:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>A jump shot</li>
<li>A layup attempt</li>
</ul>
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For the jump shot, the "try" starts when the dribbler stops the dribble and starts the up motion for the jump shot. Any contact here results in a shooting foul.</div>
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For a layup attempt, the "try" starts when in the official's judgement, the dribbler has started a continuous motion towards the basket. In this situation, the dribbler has stopped the dribble and using up the 1 1/2 steps for the layup.</div>
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The "try" stops when the player releases the ball and lands back on the ground. Any foul committed against the offensive player after the start of the try and until the player lands back on the floor should be called a shooting foul.</div>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Fouls Committed Against the Shooter</span></h2>
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<div>
As officials, we need to be extra dedicated to identifying and calling fouls committed against the shooter. The reason is simple: a bump on the dribbler may be disadvantageous for the dribbler, but the dribbler has an opportunity to continue the dribble; a bump on an airborne shooter who is being pulled down by a gravitational force of 9.8 m/s^2 could be absolutely detrimental in the shot attempt.</div>
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We also need to keep in mind that the shooter must be allowed to land. Defenders must establish their legal guarding position prior to the shooter leaving the floor and are not allowed to "undercut" the shooter. This could be a dangerous situation, which could result in injuries.</div>
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Keep an eye for the following situations, where contact may result in a shooting foul:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Defender hits the arms of the shooter</li>
<ul>
<li>If significant enough, we have either a hit or a hold</li>
</ul>
<li>Defender hits the body of the shooter with any part of the body or hands/arms</li>
<ul>
<li>Results in a holding foul</li>
</ul>
<li>Defender jumps into the shooter creating contact</li>
<ul>
<li>Results in a pushing foul</li>
</ul>
<li>Defender steps into the path of a dribbler in continuous motion</li>
<ul>
<li>Results in a blocking foul</li>
</ul>
<li>Defender steps under an airborne shooter creating contact</li>
<ul>
<li>Results in a blocking foul</li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Closing Thoughts</span></h2>
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<div>
One additional note and an issue that less experienced officials struggle with: on a shot attempt, keep an eye on the shooter until the shooter returns to the floor. Just because the shooter has released the ball does not mean that the opportunity for the defense to foul is over. Remember that the shooter is still considered an airborne shooter until he/she returns to the floor.</div>
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Some officials tend to follow the shot to see if the ball goes in or not. While this is good - the reaction of the players/crowd will tell you if the try is good. We need to protect the airborne shooter until they are back on the ground.</div>
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Being able to distinguish between marginal contact and contact that should be called a foul is the difference between an okay official and a good official. Being able to call it consistently is the difference between an good official and a great official.</div>
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We should always take pride in our work and strive to be the best official we can be. That is why identifying fouls correctly is such an important responsibility for us and something that we should constantly work to get better at.</div>
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PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-15374297121383900522015-01-06T12:30:00.004-08:002015-08-04T11:20:52.662-07:00"No Autopsy, No Foul"? (Part 1)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.turbodaddy.net/badschotz/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/huff.jpg" height="247" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">When talking about pickup basketball games during his childhood, former basketball player <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Granger_(basketball)" target="_blank">Stewart Granger</a> once said "No autopsy, no foul". You may have heard of a similar "no blood, no foul" rule when it comes to pickup ball at the gym or park. While this saying may be true for pickup games, the same rule cannot be applied to organized basketball games where referees are present and expected to keep the game under control.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">When 10 players are placed in a confining space with the same objective (get the ball and score), physical contact is unavoidable. It is the referee's responsibility to determine if the contact is marginal or if the contact is aggressive and illegal. How do we call fouls consistently and what's a good rule of thumb in enforcing the rules as it pertains to physical contact?</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">This is Part 1 of a 2-part post regarding calling fouls and will address non-shooting fouls. Part 2 of the post will address fouls committed against the shooter.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Let's start with defining a foul: <b><span style="color: #6fa8dc;">A common foul is an infraction of the rules as it pertains to <u>illegal</u> physical contact against an opponent (remember that basketball is a contact sport). We can simplify this further: a foul occurs when one player gains an illegal advantage over an opposing player as a result of physical contact.</span></b> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
How do we know if the defender has gained an illegal advantage? It would seem that this interpretation could be very subjective between officials. Contact may be seen as marginal by one official and deemed disadvantageous by another official.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">There is a principle that effective referees will use when determining if contact against the dribbler/ball-handler is marginal (and allowable) or if the contact is illegal and should be called a foul: <b><span style="color: orange;">The RSBQ Principle</span>.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">The RSBQ Principle</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">RSBQ stands for:</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rhythm</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Rhythm is defined as "movement or procedure with uniform pattern or occurrence".</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">The ball handler may establish a dribbling rhythm or rhythm of movement:</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Dribbling rhythm: How a player will normally dribble. If contact (i.e. a hit or push) causes the player to change this rhythm, then a foul has occurred.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Rhythm of movement: Where a player is moving on the court. If the ball-handler wants to go from A to B (rhythm is established) but contact forces the ball-handler to go to C, then a foul has occurred.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Balance</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Balance is defined as the "equal distribution or weight" or "stability".</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If contact causes a player to lose balance and either stop the dribble or fall to the ground, then a foul has occurred.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Speed</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li>Is defined as how fast a player moves.</li>
<li>If the player's speed (i.e. on a fast break) is affected as a result of contact initiated by the defense (i.e. a block, hold, push, etc), then a foul has occurred.</li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Quickness </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">That quick first step in a cross-over or move to get by the opponent.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If the player's quickness is affected as a result of contact initiated by the defense (i.e. a hand check, hold, etc), then a foul has occurred.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If any of these four items are impacted by an opposing player, then it should be ruled a foul immediately and consistently <u>unless the offensive player has an immediate opportunity to score.</u> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></span><br />
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Examples and Case Plays</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Offensive Player: A1</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Defensive Player B1</span></span><br />
<h2>
</h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rhythm</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As A1 is dribbling, B1 runs into A1 causing A1 to stumble, stopping A1's dribble.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The rhythm of A1 has been affected and B1 has gained an illegal advantage.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Foul: Push</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">As A1 is dribbling and attempting to break left, B1 keeps his hand on A1 prevents A1 from dribbling left.</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">The rhythm of A1's dribble and direction has been affected and B1 has gained an illegal advantage.</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Foul: Hand Check/Illegal Use of the Hands </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Balance</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As A1 is holding the ball, B1 bumps into A1 causing A1 to fall down/travel</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A1's balance has been affected and B1 has gained an illegal advantage.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Foul: Push</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span> </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>As A1 makes his way to the basket, B1 bumps into A1 knocking A1 off from his intended path.</li>
<ul>
<li>A1's balance has been affected. If this results in A1 being losing his scoring opportunity, then B1 has gained an illegal advantage.</li>
<ul>
<li>Foul: Push/Block</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Speed</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As A1 is dribbling up the court, B1 places and keeps an armbar on A1 forcing A1 to slow down.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A1's speed has been affected.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Foul: Hand Check/Push</span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As A1 is dribbling up the court full speed, B1 reaches across A1's body in an attempt to steal the ball. B1 makes contact with A1 and forces A1 to stop.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A1's speed has been affected and an advantage has been gained by the defense.</span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Foul: Hold </span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Quickness </span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A1 attempts a crossover to get past B1. B1 reaches out and (1) grabs A1's jersey or (2) places an extended armbar on A1 preventing A1 from changing direction.</span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In both cases, B1 has gained an illegal advantage over A1.</span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Foul: Hand check/Hold </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
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<span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Closing thoughts</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As referees, we are responsible for keeping the game under control through our consistency in calling fouls and violations. Being consistent in calling fouls will help curb rough play and go a long way in preventing player injuries. Players for the most part, do not go out looking to hurt another player, but they will defend themselves and/or retaliate if they feel that the referees are not doing enough to protect the players. Additionally, players will play as rough as the referees will allow them to. Referees who "let the players play" and refuse to call fouls will have a rougher game on their hands. With games at the recreation level, this may result in injuries and will result in parents/coaches/players complaining about the officiating after the game.</span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">One additional thing to note is that a foul/illegal contact does not have to be intentional. Incidental contact may be enough to violate the RBSQ Principle and should be called a foul even if the player "did not mean it".</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Calling fouls consistently will go a long way in our development as officials and being recognized as a quality official. </span></span></h2>
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<br />PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-21979020362754820432014-12-17T18:38:00.001-08:002015-08-04T11:15:30.117-07:00"That's 3 seconds!"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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If video was compiled of the things that coaches say (or yell) to officials, "3 seconds!" would probably be in the top 5 along with "Foul!", "Over the back!", "That's a reach!", and "Call something!"<br />
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When a coach yells "3 seconds!" (or some might do you the favor of actually counting aloud for you: "one...two...three! Call something!", which hits two out of the top things coaches yell), what does it actually mean? What's the rule and the intent behind the rule? And how do we, as officials, enforce the 3-second rule, have a patient whistle, and know when it is appropriate to make the call?<br />
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To understand the intent or spirit of the rule, we first need to know the rule. This part is simple: <i><span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><b>While the team on offense has <u>team-control</u> of the ball and is in the front-court, an offensive player may not remain in the free-throw lane (commonly referred to as the "paint") for more than 3 seconds. The lane includes the lane lines, end line, and free-throw line.</b></span></i><br />
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The rule brings up a few points:</div>
<ol>
<li>When can the 3-second rule start to be enforced?</li>
<li>When is a player considered to be in the lane?</li>
<li>When is a player considered to be out of the lane?</li>
<li>When does the 3-second count stop?</li>
</ol>
In this blog post, we will dive in the above questions and mention some additional pointers.<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">(1) When does the 3-second rule start?</span></h3>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">When
the offensive team brings the ball from the back court and establishes
team-control in the front court, this is when the 3-second rule
starts. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">What is team-control? If the ball is being held or dribbled by the offensive player or the ball is being passed from teammate to teammate in the front-court.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">While the ball is in the backcourt, the 10-second back court count is in effect so there is no 3-second count. During this time, the offensive player(s) may stay in the lane for as long as they want without penalty (technically, up to 10 seconds).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Once the ball is established in the front court, then that is when officially, the 3-second rule is in effect. </u></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">(2) When is a player considered to be in the lane (key)?</span></h3>
The offensive player is considered to be in the lane (or key) as soon as one foot of the player steps onto or over the lane. Remember that lane lines are considered to be part of the lane so if a player steps on the lane line, that player is considered to be in the lane.<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span>
The lane is the area on the court under the basket bounded by the endline, the free-throw line, and the freebody lines.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">(3) When is a player considered to be out of the lane?</span></h3>
The offensive player is considered to be out of the lane as soon as <b>BOTH </b>feet are completely outside the lane lines. The lane lines extend vertically up, so merely lifting a foot does not mean that the player has left the lane.<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">(4) When does the 3-second count stop?</span></h3>
The 3-second count stops when there is no longer any team control of the ball. Team control ends when:<br />
<ol>
<li>A shot is attempt</li>
<li>The defense secures control of the ball (i.e. via a steal)</li>
<li>A foul or violation occurs</li>
</ol>
Note that after a shot attempt, the 3-second count starts up when the offense secures control of the offensive rebound.<br />
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Officials' Responsibilities</span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Now that we understand the 3-second rule and when it starts and stops, next we have to determine who is responsible for calling the 3-second violation (in the 2-referee system). While the short answer to this question is that both officials have authority in making this call, the official that is supposed to be responsible for this depends on the situation.</div>
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Let's dive deeper...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJdsVWprKLnbVb2Cj_VBFPw8GsRioCdVo6AEltZJyjtNfbk9ACbwyCMykSnXn8EAufUGGGqgHav9cDYHwtiGc09_MY4kHv-X5mG6VIy8IFZMWH-KoG0ztiqhj_eVxoUBOG-IrTgFegTPQ/s1600/Lead+and+Trail+Cov.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJdsVWprKLnbVb2Cj_VBFPw8GsRioCdVo6AEltZJyjtNfbk9ACbwyCMykSnXn8EAufUGGGqgHav9cDYHwtiGc09_MY4kHv-X5mG6VIy8IFZMWH-KoG0ztiqhj_eVxoUBOG-IrTgFegTPQ/s1600/Lead+and+Trail+Cov.jpg" width="200" /></a> Remember the areas of responsibility in a 2-referee system. The "Lead" official (the one on the baseline) has primary responsibility for the lane and the area that extends from the lane to the near sideline. This area is marked yellow in the diagram to the left. </div>
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The "Trail" official (the one near the top of the key) has primary responsibility for the rest of the court. This area is marked blue in the diagram to the left.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgkNYOvdL9y78Gtz1fMb2k8vSqw-6rL3v7_qvx_73MamKz0u-ZOfRJsyElpxn8MWHs-l7D6_9h_mChNCxuvFrzFIwBlvLUIqjYMyjL339z45R3q7FfDW6e2JqiKAy6N2KF-hOrbZOij4/s1600/3+sec+sit+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgkNYOvdL9y78Gtz1fMb2k8vSqw-6rL3v7_qvx_73MamKz0u-ZOfRJsyElpxn8MWHs-l7D6_9h_mChNCxuvFrzFIwBlvLUIqjYMyjL339z45R3q7FfDW6e2JqiKAy6N2KF-hOrbZOij4/s1600/3+sec+sit+1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Situation 1.<br />
With the ball in the lane, while the lead has primary responsibility in making the 3-second call, it is also allowable for the trail official to make the call as well.<br />
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However, the trail official should defer to the lead official and let the lead official have first dibs on this call.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnF7j94_Kq6i4rOuxZ-b2gpKZJcQPOAo4QUhckHvItB9XtId4xHb6zOqHMBgF99Ci-uOWUNP4aCZCP0su3POY_UysOVNkaxNK-3oKIWcxOcTE1pa6_BsAYx7K9hRwLBmHnD8Sk55PbBvI/s1600/3+sec+sit+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnF7j94_Kq6i4rOuxZ-b2gpKZJcQPOAo4QUhckHvItB9XtId4xHb6zOqHMBgF99Ci-uOWUNP4aCZCP0su3POY_UysOVNkaxNK-3oKIWcxOcTE1pa6_BsAYx7K9hRwLBmHnD8Sk55PbBvI/s1600/3+sec+sit+3.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Situation 2.<br />
With the ball in the corner by the lead official, the lead official is responsible for keeping track of the ball handler and any fouls/violations that may occur. The lead official <u><b>should not</b></u> be paying attention to the lane as well (and if an official can keep track of both, then the official is either superhuman, or lying).<br />
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In this situation, the trail official has primary responsibility in making the 3-second violation call.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvUHr5HtjD-8YeD1CYa1L40SHyCCyTlCqugn5pLhFPD1VtiO8W7IlC2k8r1cE7g1SvdmivE5zNFLpckvLRn9RkFLoa7P8d-MIsGWpGNOVPlwgZRP2fnvqBhktzypd23crmKPBAbt2X8U/s1600/3+sec+sit+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvUHr5HtjD-8YeD1CYa1L40SHyCCyTlCqugn5pLhFPD1VtiO8W7IlC2k8r1cE7g1SvdmivE5zNFLpckvLRn9RkFLoa7P8d-MIsGWpGNOVPlwgZRP2fnvqBhktzypd23crmKPBAbt2X8U/s1600/3+sec+sit+2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Situation 3.<br />
The ball is in the far corner in the area of the trail official. The lead official is then responsible for keeping track of the 3-second violation.<br />
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The trail official should <b><u>never</u> </b>make the 3-second call if this is the situation (see reasoning under Situation 2).<br />
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Situation 4<br />
This situation is much like Situation 3 above. The trail official is responsible for the ball handler and any violations/fouls that occur there. The lead official is responsible for keeping track of the 3-second violation.<br />
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The trail official should <b><u>never</u> </b>make the 3-second call if this is the situation.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;"> </span></h2>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Some Additional Notes and Preventative Officiating</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Now we can determine the intent of the rule. The rule exists to protect the defense because the defense cannot be expected to play defense indefinitely against an offensive player in the paint. However, as officials, this is a good opportunity for us to practice preventative officiating and apply the advantage/disadvantage principle. We should give the offensive player an opportunity to get out of the lane as well as warning them to get out if they are not actively involved in the play. </span><br />
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Here are some additional notes regarding the 3-second violation:<br />
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<li>If the offensive player is in the lane for 2 seconds, receives the ball, and then makes an immediate attempt for the basket, then the 3-second call shall be suspended. However, if this player stops and does not immediately get rid of the ball, this player is in violation of the 3-second rule.</li>
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<li>If the offensive player is not actively involved in the play, warn the player (i.e. "keep moving", "get out"), if after a couple warnings, the player still remains in the lane, then call the violation.</li>
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<li>Remember the advantage/disadvantage principle. Has the player broken the rule? Yes. Has there been an advantage gained? No. If no, then warn the player to get out and keep moving. </li>
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<li>If the offensive player is in violation of the 3-second rule, but is actively trying to get out of the lane, then there is no reason to call the 3-second violation unless the player never gets out of the lane.</li>
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<li>In the situation where the ball is being rebounded and then shot back up right away (and rinse and repeat), then there is no 3-second violation. Remember the count does not smart back up until the offense secures team control of the ball.</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Conclusion</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">The 3-second rule exists to protect the defense, but as officials, we have a lot of leeway in when we make or don't make this call. It's always a good opportunity to establish good communication between us (the officials) and them (the players) by warning them to get out of the lane. Remember if we can "prevent" a violation/foul from happening, then we should always take that opportunity. Especially at the lower age divisions when a 3-second violation occurs just about every other play.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Last word of caution: be consistent in how you enforce this rule. If you call it against one team, then be consistent and call it against the other team if they commit the violation. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Hopefully, if you apply this rule correctly, you will be able to count the number of times you hear "That's 3 seconds!" from a coach on one hand.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-37156446296788260192014-12-09T21:37:00.001-08:002014-12-17T18:41:19.985-08:00Technicals, Intentionals, and Flagrants, Oh My!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-121" height="216" src="http://warroomsports.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/technical_foul-300x216.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="technical_foul" width="300" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://warroomsports.com/blog/tag/phoenix-suns/" target="_blank">Warroomsports.com</a>)</td></tr>
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A foul is an infraction of the rules of basketball as it pertains to illegal contact with an opponent.</div>
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There are few classifications of fouls:</div>
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<li>A <i><b>personal foul</b></i></li>
<li>A <i><b>technical foul</b></i></li>
<li>An <i><b>intentional foul</b></i></li>
<li>A <i><b>flagrant foul</b></i></li>
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There are two types of technical fouls:</div>
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<li>Administrative</li>
<li>Unsportsmanlike</li>
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Personal fouls will be addressed in a later post. Here, we will talk about the Technical, Intentional, and Flagrant classifications of fouls. While there are a myriad of situations that will result in one of these fouls, this post will only cover some of the most common that will be encountered week in and week out.</div>
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<span style="color: orange;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Technical Fouls</span></h2>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Administrative Technical Fouls</span></h3>
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Administrative technical fouls are given because of an infraction of the rules of the game. This governs areas such as calling timeouts when the team does not have any remaining, having too many players on the court, and having incorrect information in the score book.</div>
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Administrative technical fouls are charged indirectly to the head coach, which will result in a loss of the coaching box privilege.</div>
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Administrative technical fouls include:</div>
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<li>Dunking before the game or during halftime</li>
<li>Having incorrect names and numbers in the score book</li>
<li>Not listing an active player in the score book</li>
<li>Calling timeouts when none are available</li>
<li>Having too many players on the court</li>
<li>Entering the court (substitute) without permission</li>
<li>Leaving the coach's box (coach)</li>
<li>Delay of game by reaching across the line during an inbounds</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Unsportsmanlike Technical Fouls</span></h3>
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Unsportsmanlike technical fouls are assessed to a player or coach for unsporting behavior. Such behavior can be against an opponent or an official. </div>
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Unsportsmanlike technical fouls are charged directly against the player/coach. If it's against the coach, this will result in a loss of the coaching box privilege.</div>
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Unsportsmanlike technical fouls include:</div>
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<li>Taunting</li>
<li>Cursing</li>
<li>Showing up an official</li>
<li>Dead ball contact (that is not against an airborne shooter)</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Enforcement</span></h3>
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Two shots and the ball. Coach may choose one or two players to shoot the 2 free throws. All remaining players must be behind the half-court line. The offense will then receive the ball to inbound at the half-court line opposite the scorer's table.</div>
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Two unsportsmanlike technical fouls against a player will result in the automatic ejection of the offending player. A direct unsportsmanlike technical foul also counts against a player's personal foul count and the team foul count.</div>
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For example: A technical foul is called against Player A. Player A already has 4 hours; the technical foul counts as this player's fifth foul and this player has now fouled out of the game.</div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Intentional Fouls</span></h2>
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An intentional foul is a foul that neutralizes and opponent's obvious advantage. It also includes hard contact that is outside of the realm of a personal foul. Despite contrary belief, "not playing the ball" does not automatically result in an intentional foul.</div>
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Examples for intentional fouls include:</div>
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<li>Pushing a shooter in the back on a fast break</li>
<li>Excessive contact against an opponent</li>
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<li>Following through on a hit</li>
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<li>After securing a rebound, swinging the elbows and making contact with an opponent</li>
<li>A hard hit above a player's shoulders (i.e. head)</li>
<li>Touching the inbounding player during an inbounds play</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Enforcement</span></h3>
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Two shots and the ball. The player that the foul was committed against must shoot both free throws. All remaining players must be behind the half-court line. The offense will then receive the ball to inbound at the closest point to where the intentional foul occurred.</div>
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An intentional foul counts against a player's personal foul count and the team foul count. A player may commit any combination of 5 personal and intentional fouls before fouling out of the game.</div>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Flagrant Fouls</span></h2>
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A flagrant foul is by definition violent or savage in nature. Meaning that there is intent to hurt the opponent. This includes fighting.</div>
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Examples for flagrant fouls include:</div>
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<li>Fighting</li>
<li>Excessive contact against an opponent</li>
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<li>i.e. swinging the elbows and making contact with an opponent's head</li>
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<li>Excessive push in the back against an opponent on a breakaway</li>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Enforcement</span></h3>
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Two shots and the ball. The player that the foul was committed against must shoot both free throws. All remaining players must be behind the half-court line. The offense will then receive the ball to inbound at the closest point to where the intentional foul occurred.</div>
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A flagrant foul results in the automatic ejection of the offending player.</div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Using Discernment</span></h2>
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Remember the goals of the recreational house leagues: to develop player skills in a competitive and controlled environment. These players are trying to develop their skills and get better. The coaches here are unpaid and volunteering their time. This means that as officials, we need to use discernment and wise judgement in issuing technical and flagrant fouls.</div>
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It should not be a goal to compete to see how many technical fouls you can call in a season.</div>
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The recreational leagues have stringent rules regarding players and coaches who commit a technical or flagrant foul which includes probation, automatic game suspensions, and all the way up to expulsion from the league.</div>
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<u>As officials, we need to save technical fouls for those players and coaches who truly deserve it. </u> We need to be absolutely sure about the intent to hurt and the excessive contact before we call the flagrant foul. A good rule of thumb is that when you call a technical foul or flagrant foul, there should be no question in your mind regarding the nature of the foul and it should be painfully obvious to everyone in the gym what the technical/flagrant was for.</div>
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As it relates to technical fouls, it is a good opportunity for us to practice preventative officiating and wise discernment. Some examples of this include:</div>
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<li>Warning players to not reach across the line to avoid calling the technical foul</li>
<li>Warning players who use foul language under their breath</li>
<li>Counting players on the court before you inbound the ball to avoid too many players on the court</li>
<li>Knowing how many timeouts each team has and reminding coaches of the number of their remaining timeouts</li>
<li>Warning players who slam the ball out of frustration</li>
<li>Recommend to a coach to take a player out of the game to cool off</li>
<li>Recommend to a coach to sit down to cool off</li>
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However, if players and coaches continue down their path and a technical foul is warranted, then by all means issue the technical foul. <br />
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One last word, remember that we need to raise above the fray and stay cool-headed (as hard as it is) as it pertains to dealing with players and coaches.</div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Examples</span></h2>
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<li>Player A misses a wide open layup and curses under his breath. The official hears this, what should the official do?</li>
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<li>"Hey, watch your language." or "Hey, cut that out."</li>
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<li>Player A commits an offensive foul and slams the ball out of frustration.</li>
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<li>If this is the first occurrence, the officials should give the player a warning.</li>
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<li>Player A is on a breakaway and Player B pushes Player A.</li>
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<li>This contact neutralizes Player A's advantage. An intentional foul should be called.</li>
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<li>Coach yells at official and screams "You're terrible!"</li>
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<li>Everybody in the gym observed this behavior and a unsportsmanlike technical foul should be issued.</li>
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<li>Two players get tied up and fall to the floor. The initial foul is called. Player A pushes Player B off of him.</li>
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<li>If the contact is non-excessive, given the situation, a warning should be given. If the contact is judged excessive, a unsportsmanlike technical foul should be issued.</li>
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PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-60734992723594483192014-11-17T23:27:00.001-08:002014-11-18T11:54:20.456-08:00Let's Talk About the Pre-Game<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/NCAANewsArchive/img/181a18004663c2e3af08bf5853a7f8f8/110405_refsrail.png?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=181a18004663c2e3af08bf5853a7f8f8" height="244" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/NCAANewsArchive/2011/april/womens%2Bfinal%2Bfour%2Bofficiating%2Bcrew%2Bworks%2Bits%2Bway%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bpinnacledf30.html" target="_blank">NCAA.org</a>)</td></tr>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Starting the Game Off Right</span></h2>
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Basketball is arguably the most difficult game to officiate. Contact is unavoidable when we put 10 players in an enclosed space. Contact can occur all over the floor, both on the ball and away from the ball. Combine that with the speed of the game and what we have is a recipe for disaster if the officials are not on the same page.</div>
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NFL football referees work in crews and they have the benefit of building teamwork and camaraderie through working numerous games together. As basketball officials, we do not have that luxury as we are constantly working with different partners. So how do we make sure that we are on the same page during the game and will call the game with the respect that it deserves?</div>
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Here enters the all important pre-game meeting. </div>
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Officials should arrive at the game at least 10-15 minutes prior to the start of the game (or more if the level of game dictates it). This leaves plenty of time to conduct a pre-game meeting between the officials.</div>
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The "Referee" (as opposed to the "Umpire") is responsible for leading the pre-game meeting. In games where there is no clear marked "Referee", both officials are equally responsible in leading and contributing to this meeting.</div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Topics to Cover</span></h2>
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<li>Teamwork</li>
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<li>Partners should establish and maintain communication</li>
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<li>Make sure all officials are ready before inbouding the ball</li>
<li>Communicate if fouls are shooting or spot fouls</li>
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<li>Responsibilities during timeouts</li>
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<li>Who is reporting the timeout?</li>
<li>What is the remaining official's responsibility?</li>
</ul>
<li>Responsibilities during dead ball situations</li>
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<li>One official is responsible for inbounding the ball</li>
<li>The other official is responsible for any substitutes</li>
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<li>End of quarters/halves/game</li>
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<li>Who is responsible for watching the clock</li>
</ul>
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<li>Consistency</li>
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<li>Be consistent in enforcement of fouls and violations</li>
<li>Get the obvious fouls and violations</li>
</ul>
<li>Safety</li>
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<li>We have to protect the players</li>
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<li>Get the obvious and make sure the game doesn't get out of hand</li>
<li>If there's an advantage gained because of an illegal contact, let's get the foul</li>
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<li>Foul Absolutes (Should always be called a foul)</li>
<ul>
<li>Two hands on a player</li>
<li>If the dribbler's rhythm, speed, balance, and quickness is affected</li>
<li>If the dribbler falls down because of contact</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Coverage</li>
<ul>
<li>Let's make sure that we're both not ball watching</li>
<ul>
<li>Try not to call fouls/violations on plays that occur right in front of your partner</li>
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<li>3 seconds</li>
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<li>If the ball is in the corner in the Lead's area of coverage, the Trail referee is responsible for the 3-second violation call</li>
<li>If the ball is in the Trail's area of coverage, the Lead referee is responsible for the 3-second call</li>
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Conclusion</span></h2>
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Do not underestimate the importance of the pre-game meeting. <b><u>No matter how many times the officials have worked together, a pre-game meeting should still be conducted before every game.</u></b></div>
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If anything, remember to talk about the importance of <b><span style="color: orange;">teamwork</span></b>, <b><span style="color: orange;">consistency</span></b>, <b><span style="color: orange;">safety</span></b>, and <b><span style="color: orange;">coverage</span></b>.</div>
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What do you talk about during your pre-game? If you have any other pre-game notes that you would like to share, please feel free to leave a comment.</div>
PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-29039569962414506192014-11-10T14:47:00.000-08:002014-11-12T08:40:04.973-08:00"I hear you, Coach."<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="James Dickey" src="http://espn.go.com/media/ncb/2001/0308/photo/a_dickey_hi.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://espn.go.com/columns/ratto_ray/1139338.html" target="_blank">ESPN.com)</a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: large;">"What we've got here is a failure to communicate."</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">(<i>Cool Hand Luke</i>, 1967)</span></span></h2>
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Today's post is a Part 2 followup to last week's post regarding how not to argue (you can read that post <a href="http://pvoabb.blogspot.com/2014/11/i-love-argument-i-love-debate.html" target="_blank">here</a>). In that post, I linked a Referee.com article written by a psychologist with a list of points on what not to do in an argument with a Coach.<br />
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Part of being a successful referee is your communication skills: your nonverbal and your interpersonal. As a referee, it's our job to enforce the rules and to make calls when the rules of the game are broken. Every time we fill our Fox 40 with air, the game stops, at which point every head in the gym/stadium turns to you to see what call you are going to make. <br />
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Is it a violation? Did somebody get fouled? Maybe one of the coaches called a timeout?<br />
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What we do next tells everybody what we have. If it's a foul, we raise our hand with a closed fist. If it's a violation, we raise our hand with an open palm and then indicate the violation. If it's a timeout, we raise our hand with an open palm and point to the bench with a verbal "timeout!" call. When these are not done, the fans, players, and coaches (and your partner!) are left scratching their heads as to what the call is.<br />
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What if the ball goes out-of-bounds and your partner starts beckoning substitutes into the game. If you don't communicate with your partner (via eye contact, etc) and you put the ball in play now we have a situation where players are transitioning into and out of the game.<br />
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Communication is important and if we don't pay attention to our communication...what we have left is a failure to communicate.<br />
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">"I hear you, Coach."</span></h2>
What about our interaction with coaches? We already know how not to argue with them; how do we practice a little bit of "preventative officiating" and avoid those potential arguments and conflicts?<br />
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Interacting with coaches at the scholastic (high school) and higher levels are vastly different than interacting with your moms and dads who come out on the weekend to help coach Junior and Sally's team(s). Your coaches at the high school level and above are paid professionals. Your recreational level coaches are unpaid volunteers.<br />
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Just as we have different standards to calling a scholastic vs. recreational game, our interactions with the coaches at these two different levels must be different. We have to be <b><span style="font-size: large;"><u>more patient</u> </span></b>with coaches at the recreational level because they are volunteers - they are not paid and more often than not, they do not know the rules.<br />
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You want examples? How about the infamous 3-second violation. We all know that this count resets every time the ball is shot, but how many times do we hear coaches yell <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"He's been in there for 10 seconds!"</span></i> <br />
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Or how about "over the back". We all know there is no such call as "over the back" and unless there's displacement, there is no foul, but we still hear coaches yell <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"He's going over the back for that rebound!"</span></i><br />
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But nothing irks a coach more than when his players are getting fouled and calls are not being made. Remember that coaches are always going to advocate for their players. If there is a big crash on a layup attempt and poor Johnny hits the deck, but no whistle, that coach is going to want to know why there wasn't a whistle.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>If the coach has a legitimate question and asks it in a professional manner, we must provide a legitimate answer.</u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span>
Sometimes, all they are looking for is to know that you are keeping an eye out of it. A simple <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"I hear you, Coach and I'll keep an eye out on it."</span></i> can do wonders for your interaction with that coach on that particular game day, not to mention diffuse a potentially explosive situation.<br />
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If you missed a play, you missed it. We are human so we all makes mistakes and there has yet to be a perfect game called. In the situation where there was a crash and you missed the call, when questioned about it, just say <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"You're right Coach, I missed it."</span> </i>If there was an obvious foul and no whistle and we don't admit that we were wrong when questioned by the Coach...we end up losing credibility.<br />
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As NBA referee Joey Crawford says: <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"You are wrong sometimes. It doesn't mean that you are wrong on purpose, but you are wrong sometimes, and you have to admit when you are wrong."</span></i><br />
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Ignoring a Coach who has a legitimate complaint is never the right way to go. Depending on the style of play during the game, the Coach's frustration may continue to rise to the point where there is now a full blown argument and we start throwing out Technical fouls.<br />
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<h2>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Closing Thoughts</span></h2>
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There is the thought that Coaches and Referees must be adversaries and oppose each other, but that is not true. For our recreational level games (games where scholarships aren't on the line, players aren't being paid, etc), coaches and referees must work together to lead the players. When that balance is achieved, the players and the game benefits.</div>
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This means that Coaches should be allowed to voice their concerns with the Referees (respectfully, of course...meaning without accusation, screaming, or being aggressive) and the referees should take a moment (note: a moment only!) at a reasonable time during the game to address these concerns.</div>
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However, this does not mean the Coach has the right to say anything he/she wants to say and this does not give the coach an opportunity to verbally abuse or degrade the game official. If the line has been crossed between open communication to one of verbal abuse, we need to nip that in the bud and re-establish that line, whether it be a verbal warning or a technical foul.</div>
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The common complaint that I hear from coaches regarding an official's interpersonal communication is that the official "is not open for dialogue." When this happens, the us vs. them mentality is established and that is a ticking time bomb.</div>
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I leave you with this: our relationship and communication with coaches, while tricky, should be one of professionalism and born out of respect for each other. If we establish that open dialogue, it will go a long way on any given game day in helping us avoid conflict with coaches.</div>
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Of course, if you do get into an argument, click <a href="http://pvoabb.blogspot.com/2014/11/i-love-argument-i-love-debate.html" target="_blank">here</a> to learn how not to argue.</div>
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PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-35962629238293364422014-11-04T12:21:00.000-08:002014-11-04T13:57:14.481-08:00"I love argument, I love debate."<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://a.espncdn.com/photo/2014/0301/ncb_u_mick-cronin_mb_400x600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://a.espncdn.com/photo/2014/0301/ncb_u_mick-cronin_mb_400x600.jpg" height="320" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Image Source: <a href="http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/10537851/cincinnati-mick-cronin-says-referees-treat-coaches-differently" target="_blank">ESPN</a>)</td></tr>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange;">Anatomy of an Arguement</span></h3>
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The former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" target="_blank">Margaret Thatcher</a> once said in an <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9979399/Margaret-Thatcher-A-life-in-words.html" target="_blank">interview</a> in 1980, <span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>"I love argument, I love debate. I don't expect anyone to just sit there and agree with me , that's not their job."</i></span><br />
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While we all know someone who starts arguments just for the sake of starting an argument, I believe that to a certain degree, all of us "love argument" and "love debate". Maybe it's because we are able to voice our opinion or prove our point. Maybe it's because we just want to win.<br />
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As basketball referees, there's nothing that gets the blood going more than the anticipation of having a heated debate with a coach over a call (or calls). As imperfect creatures, when met with fire or hostility, more likely than not, our first instinct will be to push and fight back.<br />
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<span style="color: orange;">How <u>Not</u> to Argue</span></h3>
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But what should we do in a profession where we are asked to remain above the fray? When more often than not, it's not what an we <u style="font-weight: bold;">do</u> as an official that gets us in trouble, but rather what we <u style="font-weight: bold;">say</u>. <br />
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<a href="http://www.referee.com/" target="_blank">Referee.com</a> has a great article regarding how <u style="font-weight: bold;">not</u> to argue. Psychologist and author Peter Sacco lists seven (7) great points to keep in mind when managing an argument. You can read the article <a href="http://www.referee.com/how-to-not-argue/" target="_blank">here</a>. The link is also posted below:<br />
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http://www.referee.com/how-to-not-argue/<br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Conclusion</span></h3>
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As officials, we need to work hard to remain above the fray. While coaches deserve a legitimate answer if they have a legitimate question, do not allow them to use this time to question your game management or calls you've made in the game. Defuse potential problems quickly and move on and never go looking for trouble. However, do not let this be the reason that you allow a coach to be out of control - do not be a rug for them to walk on in your attempt to avoid conflict.<br />
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Lastly, always remember that in our interaction with players and coaches in this day in age, there is always the chance that we will be video taped. Eye-witness statements can even be wrong when fans and spectators attempt to "interpret" our body language and actions. Let's carry ourselves as officials in an manner that is professional and becoming of the uniform that we wear.<br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Example</span></h3>
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Last season , there was an unfortunate situation with a coach that got out of control. Our officials on that game handled the situation with composure and professionalism. The week after, I received the following praise from one of the parents who witnessed the whole incident.<br />
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<i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"During the game, the [coach] got very agitated and started yelling at the [referee] to make a certain call. He berated [this official] while [the official] tried to ignore him. Finally, [the official asked], “Coach, I have to ask you to calm down and step back.” He continued to yell and now began to follow [the official] around the court.</span></i><br />
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<i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">This whole time, the [officials] maintained [their] cool. [They] never raised [their] voice or looked frazzled. [They] did not try to intimidate the coach. [They] did not assert [their] authority in any way. I was amazed at [their] composure. They did not gang up on the coach or even appear to be stressed themselves."</span></i><br />
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While I personally believe that this coach deserved the Technical after he started yelling at the officials, the composure of the officials on the court during this heated exchange is commendable. Had the officials reacted differently, the outcome (and the e-mail that I received) could have been very different.<br />
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As the Referee.com article says: <i><span style="color: #cfe2f3;">"It takes a minimum of two people to have an argument. If one person chooses not to participate, that leaves the second party blustering in the wind."</span></i><br />
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<br />PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7813109428029972135.post-61094871749218792492014-10-27T12:38:00.001-07:002018-08-01T05:51:07.850-07:00Comments on the 2014/15 NFHS Rule Changes<div style="text-align: center;">
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Click <a href="http://pvoabb.blogspot.com/2014/10/201415-nfhs-rule-changes.html" target="_blank">here</a> to read the rule changes effective for the 2014/15 season.</div>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Free Throw Provisions</span></h3>
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By far the biggest rule change for this season, the NFHS rule is now identical to what is enforced at the NCAA levels. This rule allows the players in a marked lane space (maximum of 6 players: 4 defensive and 2 offensive) to enter the lane on the release of the free thrown.</div>
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Under the old rule, all players must wait until the ball hits the rim, backboard, or the free throw ends.</div>
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<b><u>Please note that this new rule applies only to the 6 players in the lane space. The shooter and the remaining 3 players (who must be past the free-throw line extended) must wait until the ball hits the rim or backboard.</u></b></div>
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Any violation of this rule results in either an offensive or defensive lane violation with the appropriate enforcement.</div>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Contact</span></h3>
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The NCAA made this rule change for the 2013-14 season in order to protect the player with the ball. The aim of this rule change is to cut down on the illegal contact, reduce physicality, and encourage a more open style of play.</div>
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When this rule was first implemented in the NCAA ranks, a lot of people predicted that the number of fouls and foul shots will rise dramatically. While the number of fouls did rise, albeit by an average a 2 additional fouls per game, the game actually got cleaner. A good article about it can be found on <a href="http://espn.go.com/blog/collegebasketballnation/post/_/id/91285/the-rules-changes-have-worked-so-far" target="_blank">ESPN</a>.</div>
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Remember to remind the players of this rule during the Captain's Meeting prior to the start of the game and practice preventative officiating when possible. A simple "Hands off!" is a good reminder for them to play defense with their feet. </div>
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<b><u>A good rule of thumb is that if the contact affects the "RSBQ" of the ball handler, then fill your whistle and make the call!</u></b></div>
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RSBQ stands for:</div>
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<li>Rhythm</li>
<li>Speed</li>
<li>Balace</li>
<li>Quickness</li>
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If any of these have been affected, then the defense has gained an advantage illegally....the definition of a foul.<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Excessive Contact and Intentional Fouls</span></h3>
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This is an expansion on the rule regarding intentional fouls and should reduce the subjectivity in determining "intent". If a player makes excessive contact with an opponent regardless of whether that opponent has control of the ball, that may be called as an intentional foul.</div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Player Equipment/Apparel</span></h3>
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Under the old rule, the player must demonstrate medical verification for arm and leg compression sleeves. That requirement has now been removed. Players may now wear tights and sleeves as long as the apparel matches the following color requirements:</div>
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<li>black</li>
<li>white</li>
<li>beige</li>
<li>predominant team color</li>
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If multiple players choose to wear sleeves, then they must all be of the same color.</div>
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PVOA Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05141527544227925176noreply@blogger.com0